Ceramide analysis

Ceramides Analysis by Thin-Layer Chromatography References... 

Mutant or knockout mice defective in specific enzymes involved in lipid synthesis have provided powerful tools for genetic analysis of lipid function in the nervous system. For example, disruption of the genes for ceramide galactosyl transferase or galactosyl ceramide sulfotransferase,... 

Pettus BJ, Baes M, Busman M, Hannun YA, Van Veldhoven PP. 2004. Mass spectrometric analysis of ceramide perturbations in brain and fibroblasts of mice and human patients with peroxisomal disorders. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 1569. 

Along with permethylated derivatives, the permethylated, LiAlH4-reduced derivatives of glycolipids are also used for mass-spectrometric analysis. The amide groups of acetamido sugars and the ceramide part are reduced to alkylamino groups, and, in the case of gangliosides, the ester... 

A quantitative HPLC method for the analysis of sphingolipids as their perbenzoyl derivatives was first developed for ceramides (5). Ceramides can be conveniently derivatized with benzoic anhydride in pyridine (3 hrs at 110°C) and the products formed have been utilized for the quantitative analysis of NFA and HFA ceramides in normal and Farber s disease tissue. Iwamori and Moser also utilized this procedure for the analysis of ceramides in Farber s disease urine (6). More recently Iwamori and Moser (7) established that the ceramide derivatives formed by reaction with benzoyl chloride or benzoic anhydride are analogous to those formed with cerebrosides. They also characterized the behavior... 

Sugita, M. Iwamori, M Evans, J. McCluer, R.H. Moser, H.W. Dulaney, J.T. High-performance liquid chromatography of ceramides application to analysis in human tissues and demonstration of ceramide excess in Farber s disease. J. 

Iwamori, M. Costello, C. and Moser, H.W. Analysis and quantitation of free ceramide containing nonhydroxy and 2-hydroxy fatty acids, and phytosphingosine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 1979, 20, 86. 

Direct probe analysis. The spectra of the methylated derivatives of fractions I-IV are shown in Figure 2 (a-d), together with abbreviated structured formulas and indications of some fragments (Refs. l-6 were consulted for comparison). Only fraction I gave ions indicative of the entire molecule at m/z 894 (M-l) and m/z 863 (M-32) for a monoglycosyl-ceramide containing Cj6>q fatty acid and Cjg.j long chain base. 

In recessive X-linked ichthyosis, the amount of cholesterol sulfate in the stratum corneum is increased due to a deficiency in cholesterol sulfatase deficiency [69,70], Lipid analysis of scales reveals a nearly 10-fold increase in the cholesterol sulfate to free cholesterol ratio as compared to healthy stratum corneum [71]. Previous x-ray diffraction studies on isolated ceramide mixtures revealed that increased cholesterol sulfate levels induce the formation of a fluid phase, which is likely to reduce the skin barrier function [72]. 

S. B. Levery, M. S. Toledo, R. L. Doong, A. H. Straus, and H. K. Takahashi, Comparative analysis of ceramide structural modification found in fungal cerebrosides by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with low energy collision-induced dissociation of Li + adduct ions, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14 (2000) 551-563. 

Global lipid profiling methods typically cover molecular lipid species from the major classes of lipids such as cholesteryl esters, ceramides, mono-(MG), di- (DG), and TGs, and membrane PLs, for example, sphingomyelins (SMs), PCs, phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), PSs, and lysophospholipids. In targeted lipid analysis, specific lipid classes that are poorly covered by the global profiling methods are usually analyzed. These lipids include steroids, sterols, bile acids, fatty acids, signaling lipids such as eicosanoids, and ceramides, as well as polar lipids and inositol lipids. 

Chopart. M Castiel-Higounenc, C., Arbey, E. et al. Quantitative analysis of ceramides in stratum corneum of normal and dry skin, In Proceeding of the Stratum Corneum III, Conference, Basel, 2001. 

Recently, a sexual pheromone of the hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii has been identified from the feeding seawater of pre- and postmolt females.113 The purified sample elicited guard behavior in male hair crabs at a dose of 2.0 mg per sponge and was composed of 13 ceramides. On the basis of detailed NMR and fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS) analysis, the structure of one of the major ceramides, ceramide A (49), was determined to be (26, 35,4i )-2-[(R)-2-hydroxy-21-methyldocosanoylamino]-l,3,4-pentadecane-triol.114 Similarly,... 

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