Abbreviated structural formulas

You must be able to draw full structural formulae, abbreviated structural formulae and skeletal structural formulae and be able to interconvert them. 

Figure 6.15 Structural formulas, abbreviations, and graphic symbols used to represent the components of dendrimers 22-25.

Given a structural formula abbreviated on one line of type, write the complete structure and clearly show the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. 

Using HSCoA and HS—ACP as abbreviations for coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein respectively write a structural formula for the tetrahedral... 

Write structural formulas showing the constitution of each of peptides Rewrite each sequence using one letter abbreviations... 

The following abbreviations are commonly used for substituent groups in structural formulae Ac (acetyl), Bn or PhCH2 (benzyl), Bz or PhCO (benzoyl), Et (ethyl), Me (methyl), Me3Si (not TMS) (trimethylsilyl), Bu Me2Si (not TBDMS) (rerf-butyldimethylsilyl), Ph (phenyl), Tf (triflyl = trifluoromethanesulfonyl), Ts (tosyl = toluene-p-sulfonyl), Tr (trityl). 

AR- abbreviation Structural formula Molecular weight Producer... 

Figure 5. Structural formulae of amphiphilic compounds and other chemicals used for photo-electric conversion and their abbreviations.

The structural formula of a compound not only shows the number of each kind of atom in the molecule, but also how the atoms are joined together. The simplest of these structural formulae is the full structural formula, in which all the bonds between the atoms are displayed. For example, the full structural formula of 2,3-dimethylpentan-3-ol is drawn on the left and alongside it are two abbreviated structural formulae. 

The first of the abbreviated structural formulae has the formula condensed on to one line. These formulae can be difficult to write, particularly for branched molecules. As you can see, the second abbreviated structural formula shows all the carbon-to-carbon bonds and the branches can be clearly seen. If you are asked to draw an abbreviated structural formula, then it is advisable to use the second of these two types. 

Convert each of the following skeletal structural formulae into an abbreviated structural formula ... 

A group of related siderophores comprises the desferri- or deferriferrioxamines (occasionally abbreviated as desferrioxamines) or proferrioxamines. Originally they were obtained from Actinomycetes, mainly Nocardia and Streptomyces spp. (187) and later found to be produced also by Erwinia spp. (several representatives) (e.g. (30a, 113,115,180)), Arthrobacter simplex (B), Chromobacterium violaceum (E) (246a), and by Pseudomonas stutzeri (several) (229a, 246,398). They consist of three (or in rare cases four) mono-N-hydroxy-l,4-diaminobutane (putrescine), mono-iV-hydroxy-l,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) or (rarely) mono-N-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane units connected by succinic acid links. The hydroxylated terminus carries an acetyl or a succinyl (as in the structural formula heading Table 6)... 

In organic chemistry, structural formulae are frequently presented as condensed formulae. This abbreviated presentation is especially useful for large molecules. Another way of presenting structural formulae is by using bonds only, with the understanding that carbon and hydrogen atoms are never explicitly shown. 

Some Examples of Names, Structural Formulas, and Abbreviations Used... 

Table 64 Bidentate Ligands Cited in Section 50.5.4.4 Structures, Formulas and Abbreviations Used in Table 65...

The structural formulas of the ligands and their abbreviations are given in Table 64. D = diamagnetic. 

Many of the complexes which occur in spin equilibrium possess ligands with complicated structures. Trivial abbreviations are used, with structural formulas given in the table in which the complex first appears. Generally the complexes are of low symmetry, but in the description of their electronic structure idealized symmetries are assumed and the appropriate term symbols are used accordingly. 

Another type of abbreviation that often is used, particularly for ring compounds, dispenses with the symbols for carbon and hydrogen atoms and leaves only the lines in a structural formula. For instance, cyclopentane, C5H10, often is represented as a regular pentagon in which it is understood that each apex represents a carbon atom with the requisite number of hydro-... 

The structures and names of some particularly important a-amino acids are shown in Table 25-1. You will notice that the names in common use for amino acids are not descriptive of their structural formulas but at least they have the advantage of being shorter than the systematic names. The abbreviations Gly, Glu, and so on, that are listed in Table 25-1 are particularly useful in designating the sequences of amino acids in proteins and peptides, as will become evident later in the chapter. 

Representation of peptide structures of any length with conventional structural formulas is cumbersome. As a result, abbreviations are universally used that employ three-letter symbols for the component amino acids. It is important that you know the conventions for these abbreviations. The two possible dipeptides made up of one glycine and one alanine are... 

Direct probe analysis. The spectra of the methylated derivatives of fractions I-IV are shown in Figure 2 (a-d), together with abbreviated structured formulas and indications of some fragments (Refs. l-6 were consulted for comparison). Only fraction I gave ions indicative of the entire molecule at m/z 894 (M-l) and m/z 863 (M-32) for a monoglycosyl-ceramide containing Cj6>q fatty acid and Cjg.j long chain base. 

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