Ceramic plates

Pressure Drop through Plain Ceramic Plate... 

Figure 9-40. Pressure drop through piain ceramic plate. Used by permission of Leva, M., Lucas, J. M., and Frahme, H. H., Ind. Eng. Chem., V. 46, No. 6 (1954) all rights reserved.

Fig. 3. Exit port of the energy analyzer. (1) Stainless steel plates to support the ceramic plates (2) grooved ceramic plates to support the concentric cylindrical electrodes (3) inner cylindrical electrode (4) 30 pm diameter tungsten wire (5) 15 concentric cylindrical electrodes separated equally between the inner and outer cylindrical electrodes (6) outer cylindrical electrode.

Typical shielding data at 5 K versus low field are shown in Figure 13 for a sintered, oxygen-annealed YBa2Cus07 g bulk ceramic plate cut to a rectangular plate of dimensions 8 x 6 x 0.7mm8. Preparation conditions are given elsewhere (90). The plate... 

For many applications, like chemical-vapor-deposition reactors, the semi-infinite outer flow is not an appropriate model. Reactors are often designed so that the incoming flow issues through a physical manifold that is parallel to the stagnation surface and separated by a fixed distance. Typically the manifolds (also called showerheads) are designed so that the axial velocity u is uniform, that is, independent of the radial position. Moreover, since the manifold is a solid material, the radial velocity at the manifold face is zero, due to the no-slip condition. One way to fabricate a showerhead manifold is to drill many small holes in a plate, thus causing a large pressure drop across the manifold relative to the pressure variations in the plenum upstream of the manifold and the reactor downstream of the manifold. A porous metal or ceramic plate would provide another way to fabricate the manifold. 

In Germany during World War II, cylindrical boilers, provided with mixers, of 10-14 m3 capacity, were used. The vessels were made of sheet-iron or of concrete lined internally with an acid-resistant material, for instance ceramic plates joined by means of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, asplit . 

Three demonstration models were made for the Office of Saline Water. Figures 3, 4, and 5 give the basic elements of these models. The most obvious design change was the use of cellophane sheets for the capillary surface instead of the porous ceramic plates. The use of cellophane with its high entry pressure permitted tests on sea water as well as dilute sodium chloride solutions. Other evolutionary changes had to do with better techniques of gap fabrication and pressure control. 

For higher-temperature applications or when aluminum is not acceptable, stainless steel (temperatures up to 700°C) or copper materials can be used. For very high temperatures (gas turbine heat recovery T > 1200°C), a ceramic plate-fin heat exchanger has also been developed (17) (Figure 16). 

Ferrato M, Thonon B. A compact ceramic plate-fin heat exchanger for gas turbine heat recovery. In Shah RK, ed. Compact Heat Exchangers for the Process Industry. Begell House, 1997. 

Jung, Z., Xing, A., Chuanzhen, H., (2003), An analysis of unsteady thermal stresses in a functionally gradient ceramic plate with symmetrical structure , Ceram. Int., 29, 279-285. 

The glass plates were sandwiched between two polished alumina flats so that weights could be applied on top, and the glass surfaces would remain smooth after thermal bonding [105]. To ensure even heat distribution, the two bonding plates were sandwiched between two Macor ceramic plates [139]. 

The ceramic plate, ITO electrodes and photoconductive layer are arranged as in the previous example. In its unpoled state the PLZT scatters light, probably at the 71° and 109° domain boundaries associated with the rhombohedral structure. When a voltage pulse is applied simultaneously with a light pattern incident on the plate, the polarization is switched to a direction normal to the plane of the plate and the scattering is reduced. 

Planar SOFCs are composed of flat, ultra-thin ceramic plates, which allow them to operate at 800°C or even less, and enable less exotic construction materials. P-SOFCs can be either electrode- or electrolyte- supported. Electrolyte-supported cells use YSZ membranes of about 100 pm thickness, the ohmic contribution of which is still high for operation below 900°C. In electrode-supported cells, the supporting component can either be the anode or the cathode. In these designs, the electrolyte is typically between 5-30 pm, while the electrode thickness can be between 250 pm - 2 mm. In the cathode-supported design, the YSZ electrolyte and the LSM coefficients of thermal expansion are well matched, placing no restrictions on electrolyte thickness. In anode-supported cells, the thermal expansion coefficient of Ni-YSZ cermets is greater than that of the YSZ... 

For a comprehensive database of zeolite structures refer to http //www.iza-structure.org/databases/ Some remaining stock of safe, weakly radioactive glass items such as ceramic plates, ore, marbles, etc. may still be acquired online from http //www.unitednuclear.com/... 

Ceramic Plates (Ceramic Bathroom Tiles) Gives excellent protection from small arms fire, but because the plate shatters upon bullet impact,the area 1s left unprotected from subsequent attack. Homemade ceramic armor is inexpensive, with a fairly good weight-to-protection ratio. The drawback is the need for immediate repair of the impacted area. This requires that the armor panels be accessible for rapid replacement of damaged units.An adequate supply of spares should be on hand. 

These consist of a flat metal or ceramic plate, which is heated electrically, and varies in size for use by an individual or by several people at the same time. The small versions normally have a built-in magnetic stirrer, which can be used to stir the liquid with a magnetic flea . 

The same investigation showed that copper-precoated ceramic plates coated with aluminum can be etched like copper circuit boards. A comparative study of galvanoaluminum layers and other electrolytically precipitated deposits was recently published [140]. 

Ceramic plates with palladium alloy may be joined to a stainless steel reactor shell by special welding. Anodized alumina plate 0.4 mm thick covered with palladium-ruthenium alloy by cathodic sputtering was sealed to the reactor body with phosphate adhesive [140]. Tubular ceramic supports may be joined with reactor modules through a... 

Zhu Y and Chen HF. Pervaporation separation and pervaporation-esterification coupling using crosslinked PVA composite catalytic membranes on porous ceramic plate. J Membr Sci 1998 138(1) 123-134. 

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