Ceramic organic residues

L. Salvini, A. Pecci and G. Giorgi, Cooking activities during the Middle Age organic residues in ceramic vessels from the Sant Antimo Church (Piombino, Central Italy), J. Mass Spectrom., 43, 108 115 (2008). 

Analysis of the Organic Residue from a Ceramic Censer Recovered in Antinoe (Egypt) [16]... 

Figure 3.16 PCA scatter plot of mass spectral data recorded by DE MS for mastic resin, frankincense resin, birch bark pitch and organic residue recovered from the ceramic censer from Antinoe (Egypt)...

M. Regert, S. N. Dudd, P. F. van Bergen, P. Petrequin and R. P. Evershed, Investigations of both extractable and insoluble polymeric components organic residues in Neolithic ceramic vessels from Chalain (Jura, France), British Archaeological Reports, S939, 78 90 (2001b). 

Evershed R.P., Experimental approaches to the interpretation of absorbed organic residues in archaeological ceramics, World Archaeology, 2008, 40, 26 47. 

Many of the organic residues found in archaeological contexts are associated with ceramic vessels the additional data provided by such analyses can,... 

Charters, S., Evershed, R. P., Goad, L. J., et al. (1993). Quantification and distribution of lipid in archaeological ceramics implications for sampling potsherds for organic residue analysis and the classification of vessel use. Archaeometry 35 211-223. 

Research in the laboratory usually involves the study of the composition and source of different kinds of materials to answer archaeological questions about past human behavior. The lab methods involve the trace element and isotopic analyses of bones, stone, ceramics, and sediments and have expanded to include organic residues, lithics, pigments, and other materials. Research questions include past diet, human migration, raw material sources, interaction and trade, and the identification of activity areas on prehistoric sites. 

Fig. 4.32 GC/MS mass spectrometer output for the organic residue in a ceramic vessel...

It has been demonstrated that freeze-diying could play an important role in the synthesis of high quahty Nd YAG nanosized powders [169]. Submicronic neodymium-doped YAG (Y3AI5O12) powder was synthesized from freeze-dried precursors. The powder calcined at 1200 °C, with small crystallite size and the lowest amount of organic residues, showed the highest sinterability. With these powder, although color centers were detected by transmission, transparent ceramics were obtained after a vacuum sintering at 1700 °C for 3 h and completed with a HIP treatment at 1700 °C, 160 MPa of Ar for 90 min. 

Plastic natural ceramic raw materials, consisting predominately of kaolinite, illite and/or montmorUlonite, are accompanied by residual quartz, feldspar, mica, and calcite as well as organic residues. In particular, the hmestone content has been used to distinguish between clay (<4 mass% hme), marly day (4—10 mass% lime), clayey marl (10-40 mass% hme), marl (40-75 mass% hme), calcareous marl (75-90 mass% lime), marly hmestone (90-96 mass% hne), and hmestone (>96 mass% hme). Kaolinitic raw materials formed in situ (autochthoneous) are called kadine, while kaolinitic raw materials found in secondary deposits (aUochthone-ous) are called clays. Marl and marly hmestones are important raw materials for Portland cement production (see Section 5.2.1). 

Other uses of HCI are legion and range from the purification of fine silica for the ceramics industry, and the refining of oils, fats and waxes, to the manufacture of chloroprene mbbers, PVC plastics, industrial solvents and organic intermediates, the production of viscose rayon yam and staple fibre, and the wet processing of textiles (where hydrochloric acid is used as a sour to neutralize residual alkali and remove metallic and other impurities). 

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