Centrifugal partition chromatographic

El Tayar, N. Tsai, R.-S. Vallat, P. Altomare, C. Testa, B., Measurement of partition coefficients by various centrifugal partition chromatographic techniques. A comparative evaluation, J. Chromatogr. 556, 181-194 (1991). 

Name and acronym Centrifugal partition chromatograph (CPC) High-speed countercurrent chromatograph (HSGGG)... 

El Tayar, N., R.-S. Tsai, P. Vallat, C. Altomare, and B. Testa. 1991. Measurement of Partition Coefficients by Various Centrifuge Partition Chromatographic Techniques A Comparative Evaluation. /. Chromatog. 556 181-194. 

Enzymatic production of L-amino acids 73 Centrifugal partition chromatographic reactor... 

Menet et al. [6] have compared performances of CCC and preparative HPLC owing to a separation of two antibiotics X and Y. The CCC apparatus used was a centrifugal partition chromatograph (CPC, Sanki LLN) of 250 mL internal volume. For this purpose, classical parameters of preparative-scale chromatography were calculated experimental duration, including the sample preparation and the separation time, solvent consumption, including the volume of the mobile phase, the stationary phase and the injection solvent, and purity of the purest fraction in Y. The parameter purity in Y was chosen because Y is the solute most difficult to purify because of its physical properties (particularly hydrophobicity) which are close to those of the main impurities. The hourly yield (g/h) is defined as the ratio of the recovered quantity to the experimental duration. The volumic yield (g/L) is defined as the ratio of the recovered quantity to the solvent consumption. Table 1 summarizes the results of... 

Y. Surakitbanharn, H. Freiser, and S. Mnralidharan, Centrifugal partition chromatographic separations of platinum group metals by complexation and ion pair formation, Chem. 68 3934 (1996). 

K. Inaba, H. Freiser, and S. Muralidharan, Effect of kinetic factors on the efficiencies of centrifngal partition chromatographic separations of tervalent lanthanides with bis(2,4,4,-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as extractant, Solvent Extract Res. Dev. Japan 1 13 (1994). G. Ma, H. Freiser, and S. Mnralidharan, Centrifugal partition chromatographic separation of tervalent lanthanides using acylpyrazolone extractants, A aZ. Chem. 69 2835 (1997). 

Dimethyl itaconate was reduced by hydrogen transfer from aqueous sodium formate under mild conditions (Scheme 3.29). This reaction served also as one of the model processes in development of new reactors, such as the centrifugal partition chromatograph, for high throughput catalyst testing [246-248],... 

Figure 11.14. Design principle of the centrifugal partition chromatograph. (From ref. [234]. Marcel Dekker).

To sum up, a lot of experience is needed to determine log P values by the classical shake flask method. Alternatives have been developed and compared with each other, e.g. filter probe methods [219, 220], the AKUFVE method [221], and different centrifugal partition chromatographic techniques (which correspond to true partitioning because only two immiscible liquid phases and no solid support are involved) [222-225]. As the scope and limitations of most of these techniques have been reviewed [173, 217, 218, 225], they shall not be discussed here in detail. 

Figure 4 Schematic view of the centrifugal partition chromatograph.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a design of the centrifugal partition chromatographic system (see Fig. 2). The separation disk has a series of partition chambers connected by narrow ducts. The disk is rotated up to 2000 rpm. The flow-through system is made by a pair of rotary seals, which can maintain leak-free elution up to 60 bar ( 800 psi), although the seals should be kept clean. The system is computerized and the operation is programed as in an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system.

More recently, the effect of Coriolis force was demonstrated in the separation of organic acids with organic/aqueous two-phase solvent systems in a centrifugal partition chromatograph equipped with a separation column consisting of rectangular partition compartments connected in series.As shown in Fig. 4, clockwise column rotation (CW) shows substantially better peak resolution than... 

Ma, G. Freiser, H. Muralidharan, S. Centrifugal partition chromatographic separation of tervalent lanthanides using acylpyrazolone extractants. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2835. 

Finally, the centrifugal partition chromatograph is an instrument with a tremendous amount of potential - and a relatively high price tag. The resolution of the chromomycins with the RLCC can be surpassed by CPC and in much less time (52). Any aqueous and non-aqueous biphasic solvent systems as well as aqueous polymer based biphasic systems can be employed while the sample capacity seems to equal that of coil-CCC and DCCC. 

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