Cellulose structure and properties

Factors Influencing Graft Copolymerization with Cellulose, Structure and Properties of its Products. 141... 

Yamaguchi, M. (2010). Optical properties of cellulose esters and their blends, in Cellulose Structure and Properties, Derivatives and Industrial Uses (Lejeune, A., Deprez, T, eds.). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, pp. 325-340. 

Lejeune, A., Deprez, T. Cellulose Structure and Properties, Derivatives and Industrial uses. Nova Science Publisher Inc. New York, 2010. 

J. F. Kennedy, G. O. Philips, and P. A. Williams (eds.). Wood and Cellulosics Industrial Utilization, Biotechnology, Structure and Properties, Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1987). 

Redox behavior of anthraquinone is shown in Scheme 4. The quinone moiety may be reduced to the hydroquinone form and converted to a leuco salt under alkali conditions. In general, the leuco salt has a strong affinity for cellulose and is soluble in water. The hydroquinone form is insoluble in water and has low affinity to cellulose. The preferred dyeing procedure depends on the structure and properties of the vat dye. The variables that are used to control the process include, e.g., strength and amount of alkali, reduction temperature, and the presence of salts. During the process of reduction, some side reactions, such as overreduction, hydrolysis,... 

These thermotropic cellulose derivatives are of course of interest from the viewpoint of their structure and properties and might be considered for such applications as chiroptical filters. However, they are unlikely to be considered for fiber formation and certainly not for regenerated fibers, as essenti dly they are ethers of cellulose and desubstitution woiild be difficult. Pawlowski et al. (I2fi) prepared a series of cellulose derivatives, namely phenylacetoxy, 4-meflioxyphenyl-acetoxy-, and p-tolylacetoxy cellulose and tnmethylsilyl cellulose that... 

Polymer modifications represent a valuable synthetic approach to unique polymer compositions, structure, and properties not readily available by the direct polymerization of monomers. Modified polymeric products already exist in the commercial world (modified celluloses, for example) so the approach is not new. However, it is an interesting and challenging opportunity to develop new materials for a variety of specialty applications using the "chemistry on polymers" approach. 

Rogovin, Z. A., and U. Zhun-Zhui Structure and properties of cellulose and its esters. LXXXV. Synthesis of new derivatives of cellulose and other polysaccharides. IV. Synthesis of graft copolymers of carboxymethyl cellulose and caprolactam. Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya 1, 1630 (1959). 

Our animal experiments demonstrate that the structure and properties of the cellulosic microvessel endoprosthesis material cause rapid adhesion and optimal coating with autogenous cells in the living body [66-74,120-125]. 

We now well appreciate, of course, that polymers are virtually everywhere. Some of them occur naturally, and we continue to better understand their compositions, structures, and properties. Many of these materials have been used since the dawn of human existence, for food, obviously. Cellulose alone has been essential for clothing, fire, shelter, tools, weapons, writing, and art. Leather is probably the result of the first synthetic polymer reaction, essentially the crosslinking of protein (elastin). How we progressed over time to the Polymer Age is a fascinating series of stories, some of which are well worth recounting here. 

Polysaccharides are the most abundant constituents of living matter. They are in principle built up in the same manner as oligosaccharides. The chain molecules can be either linear or branched, a fact that markedly affects the physical properties of the polysaccharides. The carbohydrate material in plants is largely composed of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Chapter 3 deals with their structure and properties. 

Shevchenko, S. M., Chang, K., Dick, D. G., Gregg, D. J., and Saddler, J. N., Structure and properties of lignin in softwoods after S02-catalyzed steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis. Cellulose Chem Technol 2001, 35 (5-6), 487-502. 

How does the chemical structure of chitin differ from that of cellulose and how does this affect structure and properties ... 

This review deals with recent results on the structure and properties of cellulose graft copolymers depending on the structure of cellulose, its pretreatment and the conditions of grafting. Also discussed are polymer-analogous conversions involving grafted chains. 

J. A. Howsmon and W. A. Sisson. Ghap. 4B, Part I, Vol 5, High Polymers, Interscience, 1954, New York. Structure and properties of cellulose fibers. 

It is known that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the thennal degradation products from polysaccharides can be altered by use of different catalysts [1]. Inorganic acids are not well selective catalysts as they affect both the degradation and condensation reactions in the pyrolysis process. A relationship between dehydration, degradation and condensation reactions is determined by the individual properties of the acid, the characteristics of the cellulose structure and by the pyrolysis conditions... 

Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division, the Colloid and Surface Chemistry Division and the Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division. We have also been joined in the Symposium by the High Polymer Physics Division of the American Physical Society and the Division of Engineering Structures and Properties of the Society of Plastics Engineers as well as two exceptional keynote speakers Dr. John D. Hoffman of the National Bureau of Standards and Dr. Field Winslow of Bell Telephone Laboratories. 

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