Rapid adhesives

One class of adhesives known as superglues consists of synthetic organic polymers that provide strong and rapid adhesion. These adhesives are unusual in that the polymerization process to form the adhesive occurs upon exposure of the monomer to water. Under most conditions, atmospheric moisture is sufficient to form a strong adhesive. Supeiglues stick to a variety of surfaces since a film of moisture exists on almost any surface. The quality of bonding will vary with the humidity the higher the humidity, the better the set. 

Our animal experiments demonstrate that the structure and properties of the cellulosic microvessel endoprosthesis material cause rapid adhesion and optimal coating with autogenous cells in the living body [66-74,120-125]. 

The methyl and ethyl ester of the a-cyanacrylates and modified variants are known as so-called rapid adhesives. The term makes it clear that the adhesives react rapidly, so that the adhesion process can be readily integrated into existing production processes. At the same time, these are solvent-free adhesives that adhere to practically all materials. In the hquid state, these adhesives are low molecular substances that polymerize rapidly in the presence of OH ions. Polymerization is suppressed by certain additives in the liquid state. Initiation of polymerization requires only a very small amount of OH ions, so that the moisture on the substrate surface suffices to start the reaction. 

The worldwide annual production of thermoplastic elastomers of all types is estimated at about 2,500,000 metric tons in 2005 [47] with a value of almost 12 billion. Production is expected to rise to about 4,200,000 metric tons in 2014 [48]. This is equivalent to an annual growth rate of about 5.3%. In 2009, North America consumed about 25% of this amount. Western Europe about 20%, and China about 33%. Japan and other Asia/Pacific countries accounted for most of the rest. The styrenic block copolymers represented about 45% of the total market and polypropylene/EPDM or EPR combinations (including thermoplastic vulcanizates) about another 30%. The thermoplastic polyurethanes and the thermoplastic polyesters together made up another 20% [48]. Major end uses are transportation, footwear, industrial goods, wire insulation, medical (growing very rapidly), adhesives, coatings, and so on. 

Pneumatically-driven injection systems designed to accommodate large-volume cartridges may be coupled through a manifold to facilitate rapid adhesive delivery. Extensions attached to the static mixing nozzle and fitted with a donut-shaped stopper matched to the hole diameter may be used to prevent the introduction of air bubbles into the grout. 

Figure 7.5 Dunlop Tile-on-Wood Rapid adhesive is manufactured using waste tyre crumb. Reproduced with permission from the WRAP Quality Protocol, Waste and Resources Action Programme, Banbury, UK. WRAP (see note with Figure 7.1)...

Rapid adhesive bonding by induction and microwave heating. Polytec PT—polymere technologiene, 2014. 

---