Cellulose methylcellulose

Luccia, B. H. D., and Kunkel, M. E. (2002a). In vitro availability of calcium from sources of cellulose, methylcellulose, and psyllium. Food Chem. 77,139-146. 

Cellulose derivatives Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Methylcellulose Hydroxyethylcellulose Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose Other derivatives Modified starches Low-Methoxyl pectins Propylene glycoalginates... 

Carboxymethyl cellulose cellulose acetate cellulose acetate phthalate cellulose, microcrystalline ethylcellulose hypromellose hypromellose phthalate hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxy-propyl cellulose methylcellulose. 

Methods of Preparation of Hydrophobically Modified WSPs (HMWSPs). Incorporation of Hydrophobes into WSPs. Water-soluble cellulose derivatives ((hydroxyethyl)cellulose, (hydroxypropyl)cellulose, methylcellulose, etc.) or synthetic polymers containing hydroxyl groups (e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol)) can be reacted with a long-chain alkyl halide (2), acyl halide (2), acid anhydride (6), isocyanate (2), or epoxide (2, 3) under appropriate conditions to form an HMWSP. These reactions are shown in Scheme I. These postmodifications can be done in solution or in hetero-... 

Celluloses ethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, nitrocellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate phthalate... 

Carboxymethyl cellulose, - methylcellulose, - alginates and especially - guar gum and its derivatives are applied as thickeners in foam-based agents and as gellants for water used in forest firefighting by airplane. 

The GBR resin works well for nonionic and certain ionic polymers such as various native and derivatized starches, including sodium carboxymethylcel-lulose, methylcellulose, dextrans, carrageenans, hydroxypropyl methylcellu-lose, cellulose sulfate, and pullulans. GBR columns can be used in virtually any solvent or mixture of solvents from hexane to 1 M NaOH as long as they are miscible. Using sulfonated PDVB gels, mixtures of methanol and 0.1 M Na acetate will run many polar ionic-type polymers such as poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acids, and poly aniline/ polystyrene sulfonic acid. Sulfonated columns can also be used with water glacial acetic acid mixtures, typically 90/10 (v/v). Polyacrylic acids run well on sulfonated gels in 0.2 M NaAc, pH 7.75. 

AVT Barg BD BDHR BF BOF BOOM BOP BS W BSI BTA Btu/lb BW BWR BX CA CANDUR CDI CFH CFR CHA CHF CHZ Cl CIP CMC CMC CMC COC All-Volatile treatment bar (pressure), gravity blowdown blowdown and heat recovery system blast furnace basic oxygen furnace boiler build, own, operate, maintain balance of plant basic sediment and water British Standards Institution benzotriazole British thermal unit(s) per pound boiler water boiling water reactor base-exchange water softener cellulose acetate Canadian deuterium reactor continuous deionization critical heat flux Code of Federal Regulations cyclohexylamine critical heat-flux carbohydrazide cast iron boiler clean-in-place carboxymethylcellulose (sodium) carboxy-methylcellulose critical miscelle concentration cycle of concentration... 

Methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose are forms of the familiar polysaccharide cellulose that have been treated to make them more soluble in water. Cellulose is a long chain made of the sugar glucose. The long chains mix with water to create a thick syrup or gel. 

Cellulose is also commercially modified by acetylation to produce a material suitable for X-ray and cine film. Commercially cellulose ethers are also prepared, such as methylcellulose. This material is water-soluble and gives a highly viscous solution at very low concentrations. Hence it is widely used as a thickener in latex paints and adhesives, in cosmetics and for coating pharmaceutical tablets. 

Fluidized aqueous suspensions of 15% by weight or more of hydroxyethyl-cellulose, hydrophobically modified cellulose ether, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and polyethylene oxide are prepared by adding the polymer to a concentrated sodium formate solution containing xanthan gum as a stabilizer [278]. The xanthan gum is dissolved in water before sodium formate is added. Then the polymer is added to the solution to form a fluid suspension of the polymers. The polymer suspension can serve as an aqueous concentrate for further use. 

Although untreated starches do not swell sufficiently, certain modified forms, such as sodium starch glycolate, do swell in cold water and are better as disintegrants. Various cellulose derivatives, including methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, have been used in this role, but with limited success due to the marked increase in viscosity they produce around the dispersing tablet mass. 

The major commercial viscous vehicles are hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Isopto ) and polyvinyl alcohol (Liquifilm ). Isopto products most often use 0.5% of the cellulosic and range from 10 to 30 cP in viscosity. Liquifilm products have viscosities of about 4-6 cP and use 1.4% polymer. 

Early soil-release agents, applied particularly to resin-finished cellulosic goods, were water-soluble polymers, many being related to thickeners (section 10.8) such as starch, hydroxypropyl starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl-cellulose, alginates, poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone). These functioned essentially as temporary barriers and preferential reservoirs for soil, which was thus easily removed along with the finish in subsequent washing, when they then helped to minimise... 

The properties of hydroxyethylcellulose are like those of methylcellulose except for the fact that there is little or no temperature effect on solubility. The degree of substitution required to impart water solubility will depend both upon the degree of polymerization of the cellulose and upon the uniformity of substitution. It is of interest... 

Urban (116), found that completely methylated cellulose was soluble in chloroform, whereas methylated lignin was insoluble in this solvent. Therefore, he reacted the wood with dimethyl sulfate until methylation was complete. On extraction of this wood with chloroform, both the methyl lignin and methylcellulose were dissolved without being separated. 

The materials used in these type of films include lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Starch (Maizura and others 2007), methylcellulose (Olivas and others 2003), hydroxypropyl cellulose (Brindle and Krochta 2008), chitosan (No and others 2007), xanthan gum (Mei and others 2002), alginate or zein (Zapata and others 2008), and soy protein (Park and others 2001) have been used for edible coatings. 

Excipients Cellulose, disodium hydrogen phosphate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, mannitol, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc. 

Formuiation The formulation consists of excipients such as carnauba wax, crospovidone, hydroxylpropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and other inactive ingredients. 

Why is commercial methylcellulose more soluble in water than native cellulose ... 

While reactions of low-molecular-weight compounds can sometimes be carried out in the gas phase, this technique is not applicable to macromolecular substances since they are not volatile. However, it is indeed possible to let low-molecular reagents act upon solid or dissolved polymers in gaseous form. This is done, for example, in the commercial preparation of methylcellulose by conversion of alkali cellulose with gaseous methyl chloride. 

Cellulose may be converted from a water-insoluble polymer to a water-soluble polymer by the partial etherification of some of the hydroxyl groups by dimethyl sulfate. When the degree of substitution (DS) is 1.5 to 2.0, the hydrogen bonds are sufficiently weakened, and the methylcellulose is soluble in water. Carboxymethyl ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), are also water-soluble. The degree of solubility is related to the DS of the polymer and the pH of the solvent. 

Carbomer, carmellose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, povidone, sodium alginate, tragacanth, and xanthan gum Acacia and methylcellulose, glycerol esters, polysorbates and sorbitan esters, fatty acids, sodium stearate, carbomer Macrogol esters, polyvinyl alcohol, and glycerides... 

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