Cellulose fermentation

Cellulosegarung, /. cellulose fermentation, cellulosehaltig, a. containing cellulose, cellulosic. 

In various types of bacteriological cellulose fermentations, large-scale reduction of sugar takes place. Relevant facts as well as the older literature can be found in an article by Neuberg and Cohen, while the metabolism of wood-destroying fungi is treated by Nord and Sciarini. Butyric acid and other products of reduction probably are formed as in butyl fermentations. Definite results with pure cultures are hardly available from most of the early papers. 

Table V. Cellulose Fermentation Shrinking Site Model (Microorganism grows only on glucose)...

Figure 2. Cellulose synthesis by Rut-NG14 in a 6% cellulose fermentation. (Data from M. Mandels, U.S. Army Laboratories, Natick, Mass.) (O—O) Residual dry weight, (A—A) FP units/mh (42), ( — ) soluble protein, (A—A) mycelial protein. Substrate 6% two-roll milled cotton Mandels (42) basic salts medium without urea inoculum 20% v/v of a 3-day-old shake flask mycelium pH > 3, continuous addition of NH OH.

Moreira, A. Optimization Studies of Cellulose Fermentation by a Ther-... 

Andreotti, R. E., "Laboratory Experiment for High Yield Cellulose Fermentation," II International Course-ciim-Symposium on Byconversion and Biochemical Engineering, New Delhi, India (1980). 

Wu X. L., Chin K. J., Stubner S., and Conrad R. (2001) Functional patterns and temperature response of cellulose-fermenting microbial cultures containing different methano-genic communities. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 56, 212-219. 

This is only faintly exothermic, bo that aldehyde-fixing agents would be necessary to prevent further splitting of the aldehyde. The fixation of aldehyde is difficult with the cellulose fermentation owing to its powerful reducing action, and has not yet been successfully accomplished. 

Here, we draw upon recently published and unpublished works, to provide an aggregated perspective on the status and prospects for CBP using thermophilic bacteria. We focus on two microbes that have received particular attention in this context the cellulose-fermenting Clostridium thermocellum and the hemicellulose-fermenting Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. We focus... 

Zhang, Y. and Lynd, L.R. (2003) Quantification of cell and cellulase mass concentrations during anaerobic cellulose fermentation development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method with application to Clostridium thermocellum batch cultures. Anal. Chem., 75 (2), 219—227. 

J.R. (2011) Transcriptomic analysis of Clostridium thermocdlum ATCC 27405 cellulose fermentation. BMC Microbiol,... 

Cellobiose and Cellulose Fermentation Erwinia spp. and Entembacter asburiae Corynebacterium glutamicum... 

Csllobiose and Cellulose Fermentation Although some wild-type strains of E. coli can utilize cellobiose as a sole carbon source, its metabolism has not been careMly examined (Moniruzzaman et al., 1997). To confer the ability to ferment cellobiose, the casAB operon from Klebsiella oxytoca was introduced into E. coli. Klebsiella oxytoca contains a PTS, which enables it to utilize cellobiose. The K. oxytoca casAB operon, which encodes an enzyme II cellobiose and a phospho-p-glucosidase, was expressed in E. coli KOI 1. Unfortunately, expression was very poor. However, spontaneous mutants with 15-fold higher specific activities for cellobiose utilization were isolated. The best mutant produced 45 g/L ethanol with 94% of the theoretical yield. Two of the mutants were tested for their ability to produce ethanol from mixed waste office paper. The engineered strain produced 32.7 g/L ethanol with 72% of the theoretical yield. 

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