Cell monitoring Respiration

With this equipment many small molecules are detectable (Table 1). Some of them are particularly important in fruit analysis. Water vapour detection allows one to monitor respiration processes ethanol and especially acetaldehyde measurements permit one to follow the onset of fermentation (Bijnen 1995) ethane is taken as an indicator of cell membrane damage. It should be noted that periodic release of methane by cockroaches is investigated in detail with this setup (Bijnen 1995). 

As observed in the SECM studies applied to the Bacteria domain and applied to single cell studies of plants and nonhuman animal cells, the respiration activity was used in early SECM studies of human cells. In 1998, Yasukawa et al. monitored the respiration activity of human colon... 

Kamen AA, Bedard C, Tom R, Perret S, Jardin B (1996), On-line monitoring of respiration in recombinant-baculovirus infected and uninfected insect cell bioreactor cultures, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50 36-48. 

Redox mediators provide an alternative to dissolved oxygen measurements for monitoring of respiration or photosynthesis. The mechanism is based on the reducing activity of metabolising biological whole cells ... 

Microbial Cell-containing Membranes for Molecular Recognition. Suzuki et al. (87) have proposed a miocrobial sensor which consists of membrane-bound microbial cells and an electrochemical device. The assemblies of microbial sensors are similar to enzyme sensors. Two types of microbial sensors have been developed as presented In Figure 9. The first monitors the respiration activity of membrane-bound microbial cells with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. The... 

The results of the respirometric tests are presented in Figures 1 and 2 for 35 °C and 25 °C experiment, respectively. Oxygen uptake data registered by the respirometer was used to monitor biological activity in the reactors. The control represents the oxygen consumption due to endogenous respiration of the microbial cells at the absence of the polymer substrate. The effects of the... 

Microphysiometry is a technique where a small population of cells or tissues is sealed in a micro or nanofluidic environment capable of sustaining cellular activity while a sensing element is employed to provide real-time and continuous measurement of extracellular analytes. The multi-analyte microphysiometer (MAMP) was developed to allow for real-time detectimi of changes in cellular metabolism, specifically monitoring four analytes central to aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The instrument, which is... 

The NaK-ATPase activity which is initiated in response to acetylcholine can be monitored by measurement of the 3-fold increase in the rate of respiration which it evokes. This increase in the respiratory rate is blocked by ouabain, which specifically blocks NaK-ATPase activity, and by atropine, which specifically blocks acetylcholine receptors. In the salt gland, an almost maximal increase in secretory NaK-ATPase activity occurs in response to O.lyM acetylcholine and in this tissue, in contrast to the pancreas, the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, as measured by the amount resynthesized after addition of atropine to stimulated tissue, also occurs almost maximally at this same low concentration of acetylcholine (Table 5). These observations lead me to propose that in the salt gland cell, the function of stimulated phosphatidylinositol breakdown, and of its resynthesis during the reversion to the unstimulated state, is to exert on-off control of the activity of the secretory NaK-ATPase molecules. These are "turned on" when this tissue is stimulated, and are "turned off when the tissue reverts to the non-secreting state. A simple mechanism for this might be that when the responsive lipid molecules are in the phosphatidylinositol form, an active site of the secretory NaK-ATPase is buried in a hydrophobic area of the membrane, and that when the phosphatidylinositol is broken down, this results in a membrane change... 

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