Single cell studies

Blackburn T., Suzuki K, Ashby C., Jr. (2006). The acute and chronic administration of the 5-HT (2B/2C) receptor antagonist SB-200646A significantly alters the activity of spontaneously active midbrain dopamine neurons in the rat an in vivo extracellular single cell study. Synapse. 59, 502-12. 

Blier P, Steinberg S, Chaput Y, de Montigny C. (1989). Electrophysiological assessment of putative antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors a single-cell study in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 67(2) 98-105. 

Weit It seems that what we have heard about is damped and sustained oscillations, but we haven t yet heard anything telling us whether there are damped or sustained oscillators. So far, very few of these assays have employed single-cell studies. It is conceivable that the main difference between the SCN and other tissues, or between lateral neurons and other tissues, is that those are coupled together by synaptic coupling. 

This section examines some experimental evidence for the transient behavior of individual cells evaluated on single-cell test stands and stacks contained within full systems. Results from models developed to help understand some of the detailed physical effects that influence cell performance are also examined. The goal is to introduce, albeit in brief, some of the principle dynamic characteristics of single cell and full stack performances. Single cell studies are important since they isolate the cell in a well understood and controlled environment thereby removing the effects of other external processes (e g., reforming) which may have their own transient behavior that affects cell operation (e g., controlling cell input fuel composition). Such... 

Blier P, de Montigny C, Tardif D. Effects of the two antidepressant drags mianserin and indalpine on the serotonergic system single-cell studies in the rat. Psychopharmacology 1984 84 242-249. 

MONITORING NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE INTACT BRAIN AND OTHER SINGLE-CELL STUDIES... 

From the results of chemical analysis and infrared spectroscopy it can be seen that the chemical composition of microbial cells may vary greatly over the duration of a process run. However, these methods are limited to the bulk of the population. Single-cell studies with IR spectroscopy are only possible down to a size of about 10 pm, as the resolution is limited by the wavelength of the light applied. So, IR microscopy is limited to the large cells of higher organisms. 

Ramser K, Hanstorp D (2010) Optical manipulation for single-cell studies. J Biophotonics 3(4) 187-206... 

The cell clinic Closable microvials for single cell studies. Biomed Microdevices 4 177-187. 

Despite the predominant use of fluorescence and/or patch clamp techniques in single cell measurements, there has been a steady increase in the demand for new electroanalytical tools applicable to single cell studies [4]. Traditionally, such methods have been confined to the development and production of hand crafted sensors including the aforementioned glass capillaries [1-3] for patch clamping, as well as conical microelectrodes for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [5, 6] and carbon fiber microelectrodes to measure for example, the release of neurotransmitter from single neurons [7, 8]. 

Mandal, K. Balland, M. Bnrean, L. Thermoresponsive micropattemed snhstrates for single cell studies. Flos One 2012, 7, 1-12. 

As mentioned in previous chapters, CP actuators need a counter and preferably even a reference electrode to operate. As a first step towards an all integrated or all-polymer system, microactuators with all electrodes integrated on a single chip have been also developed (Jager et al. 1999). The on-chip electrodes permit electronic control of the movable microelectrodes, allowing their movement out of a surface. Thus, it is possible to control the approach of one electrode to a particular object. This tool is expected to be useful in fields such as single-cell studies or neurophysiology. 

On the other side, Zhang et al. [78] have prepared and characterized a carbon fiber cone nanometric sized ultramicroelectrodes equipped with an integrated micro Ag AgCl reference electrode. The introduction of such integrated Ag AgCl electrode located at the bottom edge of the carbon fiber tip led to the determination of dopamine in extremely small volumes. This leads to the conclusion that such electrode system may be used for in vivo and/or single cell studies. 

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