Surfactant cell damage

Treatment with the surfactant is another way to break the barrier, as described earlier.10 The efficacy depends on each surfactant. Yang et al.15 suggested that some kinds of anionic surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), affect not only the SC barrier, but also the nucleous layer of the epidermis. Fartasch demonstrated16 that the topical application of SDS caused cell damage to the nucleated cells of the epidermis and acetone treatment disrupted the lipid structure only in the SC. Thus, if one wants to investigate the effect of the disruption of the SC barrier function, tape stripping or acetone treatment would be better for the study. 

Mechanism of action. QACs have surfactant properties and therefore help to solubilize the cell membrane of microbial cells (Merianos, 1991). This leads to cell damage and ultimately cell death. QACs are especially effective when used in combination with other biocides that attaek the cell wall. The surfactant action exhibited by the QAC helps to make the cell wall of microbial cells more aeeessible to other biocides. The QACs facilitate penetration of biocides such as glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and THPS and leads to enhanced biocidal activity of these biocides. 

Use of Surfactants to Reduce Cell Damage Due to Bubble Aeration in Suspension Culture... 

Kowalski, A. J., and N. H. Thomas (1994). Bursting of bubbles stabilised by surfactants for control of cell damage, in Bubble Dynamics and Interface Phenomena, J. R. Blake, J. M. Boulton-Stone, and N. H. Thomas, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 

The ocular irritation caused by cosmetic ingredients has been evaluated by the determination of the amount of histamine contained in tears. Contact of surfactants and the eye tissue cause an immediate dose-dependent release of histamine through direct cytotoxic damage of cell membranes. This method has been tested with sodium lauryl sulfate with volunteers [187]. 

Groot, R. D. and Rabone, K. L. (2001). Mesoscopic simulation of cell membrane damage, morphology change and rupture by nonionic surfactants, Biophys. J., 81, 725-736. 

Penetration enhancers have been used to facilitate the absorption of higher molecular weight molecules. The mode of action of the surfactant enhancers is often attributed to membrane damage [37]. However, studies in epithelial cell monolayers suggest that some surfactant-based absorption enhancers act primarily by increasing the permeability of tight junctions [38]. Nevertheless, except for the chelators and nonsurfactants, which exert their... 

The addition of surfactants allows a modification of the kinetics of nonspecific cell adhesion to bubbles. When substances such as methyl cellulose or Pluronic F68 are added to the culture, the time needed for cell adhesion to occur is increased (Meier et al., 1999). In this way, the number of cells adhered to a bubble at the moment of its explosion is lower by several orders of magnitude. The non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F68 is so far the best option, since it efficiently protects cells from bubble damage without significantly affecting oxygen transfer. Flowever, its presence may be undesirable for certain stages of protein purification. 

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