Cell culture experiments

Okai, Y. and Higashi-Okai, K., Possible immunomodulating activities of carotenoids in in vitro cell culture experiments, Int. J. Immunopharm., 18, 753, 1996. 

Nogo-A neutralizing antibodies lead to axonal growth and functional recovery in vivo. After cell culture experiments, the next step was to show the ability to block myelin inhibitors and achieve axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury. The monoclonal antibody IN-1 was initially raised against myelin fractions enriched for... 

Several cell culture experiments and in vivo observations support these in vitro findings. Redistribution of CBP in nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusions upon overexpression of expanded HD constructs or ataxin-3 has been described in different cellular... 

Additional cell culture experiments are conducted to confirm the sensitization observed with the mutant RTs. Lower concentrations of nevirapine (5-20-fold) are... 

Trudell and our group, with the generous support of Dr. Hugo Jaurequi, conducted certain cell-culturing experiments on human hepatic cells. Since the effort was self-funded, the scope of the experiments was limited. Nevertheless, we felt we confirmed the viability of a specially designed polyurethane formulation as a substrate for cell growth. 

Numerous transcriptionally targeted replication-competent adenovimses and herpes viruses have been shown to be highly specific (up to 10,000-fold relative to nontarget cells) in cell culture experiments. In addition, animal models have demonstrated their safety and efficacy. It thus appears that the transcriptional targeting of viral replication holds some promise as a strategy for cancer gene therapy. 

One example of a miniaturized LC/MS strategy is the use of 96-well sample plates (Kaye et al., 1996) for extraction. This sample extraction procedure combines batch sample processing within a miniaturized format. Increased sensitivity and decreased volume advances have fostered a new wave of scale-down models. Experiments that were formerly performed at the bench are, instead, performed at the microliter scale in the batch mode. For example, synthetic process research was traditionally performed manually with apparatus at the milliliter level. This approach involves the testing of a range of synthetic conditions for optimum yield and minimum impurity production. Now, process research conditions are tested in microliter levels to produce information on purity and structure (Rourick et al., 1996). This strategy requires fewer reagents and accelerates the evaluation of a wider range of conditions in a shorter time. Another example includes the direct analysis of samples from cell culture experiments (Kerns et al., 1997). 

The non-pattemed CaCOj films could be observed to crystallize within 1 h by optical microscopy. However the patterned films stayed amorphous for 2-3 h under ambient conditions and were only completely crystalline after 24 h, which is probably due to the use of ethanol in the patterning procedure, as this is known to stabilize ACC (amorphous calcium carbonate). Subsequently cell culture experiments were performed and the results indicated that the CaCOj substrates support rat bone marrow stromal cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation into osteoblast and osteoclast-like cells. Moreover, mineral formation by the osteoblast-like cells was favored on the CaCOj films compared to the developed polymer films. Also, the osteoclast-like cells can degrade the CaC03 films. Therefore, these patterns of CaCOj films can be regarded as suitable 2D model substrates for bone cells. 

TABLE 1 Functional characteristics expected of /J-secretase based on cell culture experiments... 

An axenic poplar cell culture experiment exhibited conclusively that poplar cells are capable of transforming and mineralizing TCE without the involvement of microbial metabolism. The metabolites of TCE in cell cultures include trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetic acid, which was the most predominant. Chloral hydrate was also found at levels lower than the detection limit and is a product of TCE oxidation by cytochrome P-450 oxygenase and the precursor of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in mammalian systems. The same metabolites were identified in field sites where vegetation was exposed to TCE contaminated groundwater and in laboratory studies. ... 

Perigaud has extended his work on the synthesis and biological activities of phosphotriester derivatives of AZT bearing a phenyl group or L-tyrosinyl residues. The novel AZT-derivatives (21a-d) also incorporating one S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl residue were obtained via either P(III) or P(V) chemistry from the appropriate aryl precursors and evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity. ECso values for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments ranged between micro- and the nanomolar concentrations. S-Pivaloyl-2-thioethyl aryl phosphotriester derivatives of AZT were able to allow the efficient intracellular delivery of the parent nucleotide via their successive intracellular hydrolysis by an esterase and a phosphodiesterase. ... 

Samples for this assay may be cell supernatant from cell culture experiments, cell lysates, tissue lysates, or biological fluids such as serum or plasma. High degree of hemolysis in serum or blood in tissue samples interferes with the measurement due to the presence of erythrocyte acid phosphatase. 

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