Cell biological processes

For breaking down the complex issue of brain development into a dish, one has to identify cell biological processes which—when... 

A variety of ludferase-based reporters for monitoring diverse cell biological processes are commercially available. For example, ludferase-based reporters of other pathways such as the BMP and Notch pathways can be used for similar multiplexed lucifer-ase screening projects. 

Sabri S, Richelme F, Pierres A, Benoliel A M and Bongrand P 1997 Interest of image processing in cell biology and immunology J. Immunol. Methods 208 1 -27... 

This thiol-disulfide interconversion is a key part of numerous biological processes. WeTJ see in Chapter 26, for instance, that disulfide formation is involved in defining the structure and three-dimensional conformations of proteins, where disulfide "bridges" often form cross-links between q steine amino acid units in the protein chains. Disulfide formation is also involved in the process by which cells protect themselves from oxidative degradation. A cellular component called glutathione removes potentially harmful oxidants and is itself oxidized to glutathione disulfide in the process. Reduction back to the thiol requires the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced), abbreviated FADH2. 

Today, bioluminescence reactions are used as indispensable analytical tools in various fields of science and technology. For example, the firefly bioluminescence system is universally used as a method of measuring ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a vital substance in living cells Ca2+-sensitive photoproteins, such as aequorin from a jellyfish, are widely utilized in monitoring the intracellular Ca2+ that regulates various important biological processes and certain analogues... 

The CaR regulates numerous biological processes, including the expression of various genes (e.g., PTH) the secretion of hormones (PTH and calcitonin), cytokines (MCP-1), and calcium (e.g., into breast milk) the activities of channels (potassium channels) and transporters (aquaporin-2) cellular shape, motility (of macrophages), and migration cellular adhesion (of hematopoietic stem cells) and cellular proliferation (of colonocytes), differentiation (of keratinocytes), and apoptosis (of H-500 ley dig cancer cells) [3]. 

Fyn is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase related to Src that is frequently found in cell junctions. Die protein is N-myristoylated and palmitoylated and thereby becomes associated with caveolae-like membrane microdomains. Fyn can interact with a variety of other signaling molecules and control a diversity of biological processes such as T cell receptor signaling, regulation of brain function, and adhesion mediated signaling. 

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting a wide range of cellular responses, that affect biological processes such as lipid metabolism, coagulation, and insulin resistance and the function of endothelial cells. As a major proinflammatory cytokine TNF is also involved in progression of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer, Diabetes type II, cardiovascular, pulmonary or neurological disorders, and many autoimmune diseases. Blocking the action of TNF clearly reduces its inflammatory potential on various autoimmune disorders like Crohn s disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis. 

---