Cefpirome

Compound 21a in combination with ceftazidime or cefpirome at a ratio of 1 1 was observed to have efficacy in vivo [96]. It improved the efficacy of both the cephalosporins in both a murine systemic infection model with cephalosporinase-resistant rods and in urinary tract infection models with cephalosporin-resistant P. aeruginosa. Further developments in this class of compounds would be rewarding. 

Fourth-generation cephalosporins (cefepime and cefpirome) are active with respect to a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes. They have an unusually low affinity with beta-lactamase and the ability to quickly pass through the periplasmatic space. 

Cefpirome Cefpirome, 6R-[6a,l (7)] -l-[(7- [(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-(methoximino) acetyl]amino -2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-l-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl-l-methyl]pyrrolidine chloride (32.1.2.100), is also synthesized by methods described for synthesizing third-generation cephalosporins, in particular, ceftazidime (32.1.2.82) [177,178]. 

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography was introduced to study the affinity of various cephalosporins [cefpim, cefpirom, cefaloridin, cefaclor, cephalexin, cefuroxim, cefotaxim] in microemulsions and micellar (MC) systems. The affinity of various cephalosporins in microemulsions was characterized calculating the capacity factor. The capacity factor values of the cephalosporins in micellar systems and in microemulsions are given in Table... 

Fig. 4 Electropherogram of cephalosorins (1—cefpim, 2—cefpirom, 3—cepha-loridin, 4—cephlexin, 5—cefaclor, 6—cefuroxim, 7—cefotaxin) in a microemulsion system. Buffer, pH 7.0, 10 mM phosphate containing 6.49% l-butanol/0.82% ra-heptane, 1.44% glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), and 5.685% Tween. Capillary, 48.5- (40 cm to detector) X 50-/rm ID 30 kV detection, 265 nm. (From Ref. 14.)...

Fourth-generation cephalosporins were developed such as cefpirome and cefepime with additional activity against gram negative pathogens and greater stability against beta-lactamases. 

Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibiotics obtained from the fungus Cephalo-sporium. These bactericidal agents act in a similar way to that of penicillins. There are different types of cephalosporins available first-generation (cefazolin, cefadroxil) second-generation (cefuroxime, cefaclor) third-generation (cefotaxime, cefoperazone) and fourth-generation (cefpirome). 

Certain cephalosporins (cefoxitin, cefpirome, cefacetrile, cefaloglycin, cefaloridine, cefalotin) react with alkaline picrate solution, forming a chromogen with the same spectrum of absorbance as that formed by creatinine and alkaline picrate, producing falsely high serum... 

Grotsch H, Hajdu P. Interference by the new antibiotic cefpirome and other cephalosporins in clinical laboratory tests, with special regard to the Jaffe reaction. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987 25(l) 49-52. 

Beta-lactams such as cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefotiam and imipenem have been associated with nephrotoxicity in humans and experimental animals [9]. An understanding of their nephrotoxicity mechanisms may provide valuable information for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms of newer p-lactam nephrotoxicity. Similarly to cephaloridine, third- generation cephalosporins such as ceftazidime and cefsulodin and fourth-generation cephalosporins such as cefpirome and cefepime possess a quaternary nitrogen attached to the dihy drothiazine ring which may impart nephrotoxic potential [10]. Clinical and animal studies carried... 

Cojocel C. Biochemical aspects of the renal tolerance for cefpirome and other cephalosporins, rzneimittelforschung 1990 40(10) 1140-1144. 

The demand for 7-ACA rose by 9% in 1999, due to increased consumption for the production of several semisynthetic cephalosporins for which patents are expiring, and increasing demand from China. The market volume was estimated to reach about 2000 tons per year by the year 2000 representing a market value of about US 400 million [3, 4], Like several other pharmaceutical companies the former Hoechst AG produced 7-ACA as a starting materia] for the production of their cephalosporin antibiotics Claforan (cefotaxime-Na), Modivid (cefodizime-di-Na), Cefrom (cefpirome-sulfate) and Cobactan (cefquinome-sulfate) with a sales volume up to about US 400 million per year. 

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