Cattle forage

Plants take up arsenic passively with the water flow. Concentrations in plants grown on uncontaminated soils vary from 0.009 to 1.5 mg/kg dry weight with correlations between the contents of soils and plants [21]. Mushrooms seem to be As accumulators as are soybeans, cabbage, and cress [19,20]. In cattle forage 2 mg/kg is allowed by the German government. Increased arsenic contents were found in plants near As-emitting factories [18]. 

Vieh, n. cattle beast, brute. -arzt, m. veterinarian, -diinger, m. stable manure, -futter, n. fodder, forage, -salz, n. cattle salt, cattle lick, salt for animals, -wasch-mittel, n. dip (for animals). viel,a. much (pi.) many. —adu.much. viel-. much, many, multi-, poly-, -atomig, a. 

Beck EW, Johnson JC Jr, Woodham DW, et al. 1966. Residues of endosulfan in meat and milk of cattle fed treated forages. J Econ Entomol 59 1444-1450. 

The greatest economic importance of molybdenosis is associated with subclinical manifestations of copper deficiency resulting from forages containing a low copper molybdenum ratio. Unfortunately, these conditions are often difficult to diagnose accurately, and animal response to copper may be difficult to demonstrate (Ward 1978). One recommended treatment for afflicted cattle is 2 g daily of copper sulfate to cows and 1 g daily to young stock, or intravenous injection of 200 to 300 mg copper sulfate daily for several days (Underwood 1971). 

Ward, G.M. and J.G. Nagy. 1976. Molybdenum and copper in Colorado forages, molybdenum toxicity in deer, and copper supplementation in cattle. Pages 97-113 in W.R. Chappell and K.K. Peterson (eds.). Molybdenum in the Environment. Vol. 1. The Biology of Molybdenum. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Cu deficit Everywhere, but especially in Histosols Low content of Cu in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. The 30% of forage samples contents Cu < 3 ppm. The 3-fold reduction of Cu content in blood, 30-40-fold, in liver n x 10-fold increase of Fe in liver. The synthesis of oxidation ferments is depressed. The anemia of sheep and cattle was shown... 

Cu + Co deficit Especially in Swamp ecosystems Low content of Cu and Co in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. Declining contents of Cu and Co in forage species (Cu from 3 to 0.7 ppm, Co < 5 ppb) Depressed synthesis of BJ2 vitamin and oxidation ferments. Cobalt-deficiency and B12 vitamin-deficiency complicated by Cu deficiency. The prevalent diseases of sheep and cattle... 

Ni excess South Ural and North Kazakhstan Kastanozems, Solonetses with Ni-enriched soil-forming rocks. 20-fold increase of Ni content in forage pasture species Increasing content of Ni in all tissues, especially in epidermal tissues. Excessive accumulation in eye cornea, up to 0.4 ppm. Skin illnesses, Cattle osteodistrophia, lamb and calf diseases... 

The contemporary lawn does not deviate from this pattern. As shown in Table 2.1, the dominant turf grasses of the United States-used in lawns, playing fields, parks, and golf courses-are all introduced species. Moreover, many are species that arrived in the New World as forage plants for cattle. In... 

Predator odors do not necessarily keep herbivores away from forage. Sheep and cattle, presented with odors from coyote, fox (V. vulpes), cougar Felis concolor), or bear Ursus americanus) near their feed rations spent less time feeding there, but they did not stay away from the treated feed (Pfister eta/., 1990b). 

The compound occurs in nature as the mineral cobalt spar or sphaero-cobaltite. It is used in ceramics in cobalt pigments as a catalyst as a temperature indicator and in the preparation of other cobalt(II) salts. It also is added to soil to provide nutritional supplement in forage for cattle. 

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