Ursus americanus

Predator odors do not necessarily keep herbivores away from forage. Sheep and cattle, presented with odors from coyote, fox (V. vulpes), cougar Felis concolor), or bear Ursus americanus) near their feed rations spent less time feeding there, but they did not stay away from the treated feed (Pfister eta/., 1990b). 

Marcum, L. C. 1974. An evaluation of radioactive feces-tagging as a technique for determining population densities of the black bear (Ursus americanus) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. M.S. thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 95 pp. 

Kimball, B.A., D.L. Nolte, R.M. Engeman, J.J. Johnston F.R. Stermitz. 1998. Chemically mediated foraging preference of free ranging black bears Ursus americanus). J. Mammal. 79 in press. 

L. L. Wolfe, C. T. Goshorn and S. Baruch-Mordo, Immobilization of black bears (Ursus americanus) with a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine, J. Wild . Dis., 2008, 44, 748-752. 

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