Cationic surfactants alkylamines

The described mechanisms of detergency are put into practice by using synthetic micelle-forming surfactants, among which the mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants (particularly alkylsulfates and oxyethylenated alcohols) make 10 to 40 % of the total detergent formulation. Cationic surfactants (alkylamines) that are also included into synthetic detergent formulations may contribute up to 5% of the total amount of formulation. These substances reveal biocidal action and control micelle formation by forming mixed micelles. 

MPIC Cations Ion-pair formation neutral HC1 Hexane-sulfonic acid Octane-sulfonic acid In addition to the cations listed under HPIC alkylamines, alkanolamines, quaternary ammonium compounds, cationic surfactants, sulfonium compounds, phosphonium compounds... 

Chem. Descrip. Primary soybean alkylamine CAS 61790-18-9 EINECS/ELINCS 263-112-0 Uses Intermediate for cationic surfactants corrosion inhibitor, germicide, wetting agent, mold release agent, softener, emulsifier, dispersant used in textiles, water treatment, concrete, asphalt, ceramics, paints, metals, rubber, plastics... 

Nearly all hair care products incorporate one or more cationic conditioning agents, where the latter can be either cationic surfactants or cationic polymers. The cationic surfactants can be further divided into four major classes, i.e. alkylamines, ethoxylated amines, alkyl imidazolines, and quaternaries. The quaternaries are the most widely used in the personal care industry because of their strong affinity to the hair fibre surface. 

Cationic surfactants can also be used as functional additives in traditional chain lubricant formulations, including biocides, stress-craze inhibitors and coupling agents. As mentioned above, the first use of alkylamines in chain lubricants was as an additive in a traditional, soap-based formulation to improve the stability of the system. Ethoxylated amines have also been employed as coupling agents in an alkaline diamine track lubricant, while tertiary amines have found utility as saponifying agents in traditional, soap-based chain formulations. 

Fatty amines with alkyl chains from C8 to C22 are used as raw materials for this type of cationics. Alkylamines with two long alkyl chains and one methyl group in the molecule are of significant interest. The first commercially available cationic surfactant distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC), which was introduced in 1949 as a fabric softener (Figure 20.5), belongs to this group. 

Quaternary alkylammonium salts or alkylamines are the cationic surfactants most commonly used in the modification of layered silicates. They are synthesized by complete alkylation of ammonia or amines. Many efforts have been made to produce ammonium surfactants to improve the affinity between the clay mineral and the polymer [3]. Ammonium organoclays undergo thermal degradation at temperatures below or comparable to the melt-processing temperatures of many polymers. 

The last group of non-durable antistats is composed of non-ionic compounds such as ethoxylated fatty esters, alcohols and alkylamines (Fig. 10.3). Mixtures of cationic and non-ionic surfactants demonstrate synergistic antistatic properties. The non-ionic materials provide increased moisture absorption and the cationic products provide the mobile counterions. 

Zirconia. Mesoporous zirconia was first reported by Knowles and Hudson with cationic alkyltrimethylam-monium surfactants. Starting from zirconium sulfate or propoxide, Schiith and Ciesla et al. synthesized hexagonal mesoporous zirconia using alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants as templates. Reddy and Sayari obtained hexagonal or lamellar phases of mesostructured zirconia using quaternary ammonium surfactants and acidified primary alkylamine. 

Khan, 1. A Mohammad, R. Alam, Md. S. Kabir-ud-Din Effect of Alkylamine Chain Length on the Critical Micelle Concentration of Cationic Gemini Butanediyl-a, oo-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) Surfactant.. Dispersion Sci. Tedtnol, 2009, 30,1486-1493. 

In aqueous equilibrium solutions, interlamellar alkylammonium ions and al-kylamine molecules aggregate as bimolecular films with the all-trans alkyl chains perpendicular to the layers (Fig. 22) [42], The basal spacings decrease when ethanol (10-15%, v/v) is added to the surfactant solution. Ethanol addition reduces the amount of intercalated alkylamine. Alkylammonium ions with 8-14 carbon atoms form bilayers and are tilted to the layer at angles of 55°. Furthermore, the basal spacings correspond to those of gauche block structures. The longer chain cations form monolayers. 

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