Cation organic base cations

Clays containing hydrated metal cations or organic-based cations collapse upon moderate heating due to the thermal instability of these pillaring agents (10-16). Using polynuclear hydroxy metal cations such as [Ali304(0H)24(H20)i2l stable porous clay materials can be made (1-9). However, the number of metals that form suitable polymeric species is limited. 

B. Compounds known to be secreted by or to have affinity for the renal organic base (cation) transport system. 

LC-SCX Sulfonic acid-bonded silica Strong cations, organic bases... 

Common contaminants from these reactions are unreacted starting material halide anions, alkaline cations, organic bases, and possibly solvent of reachon. Moreover, without a special drying procedure and handling in completely inert surroundings, water is omnipresent in ILs. Indeed, even hydrophobic ILs are to some degree hygroscopic. Some methods have consequently been developed to detect and quantify these impurities. 

The y-radiation-induced polymerization requires an extremely high purity reaction system. Trace amounts of water can terminate a cationic reaction and inhibit polymerization. Organic bases such as ammonia and trimethylamine also inhibit polymerization. The y-radiation-induced polymerization of a rigorously dried D obeys the Hayashi-WilHams equation for completely pure systems (150). 

Basic Dyes. These are usuaUy the salts of organic bases where the colored portion of the molecule is the cation. They are therefore sometimes referred to as cationic dyes. They are appHed from mild acid, to induce solubUity, and appHed to fibers containing anionic groups. Thein main outiet is for dyeing fibers based on polyacrylonitrile (see Fibers, acrylic). 

The two-phase titration is based on the reaction of anionic surfactants with cations—normally large cationic surfactants—to form an ion pair. The preferred cationic is benzethonium chloride (Hyamine 1622, 1) because of the purity of the commercially available product. On neutralization of the ionic charges, the ion pair has nonpolar character and can be extracted continuously into the organic phase, e.g., chloroform, as it is formed. The reaction is monitored by addition of a water-soluble cationic dye, dimidium bromide (2), and a water-soluble anionic dye, disulfine blue (3). The cationic dye forms an extractable... 

Average treatment volume was 600 gallons. All fluids contained 1% (by volume) of water wetting non-emulsifier. The treatments utilizing a cationic organic polymer included the polymer in all aqueous based fluids. The reported polymer concentration of one percent by volume of the aqueous polymer solution as supplied. Active polymer concentration is actually less than this. When the clay stabilization polymer was part of the well treatment, a non-ionic water wetting nonemulsifier was used. 

Often, the cationic component of the ion pair is generated by the protonation of an organic base, e.g.,... 

Specific structure-directing effects of some organic bases or cations When in the procedure BT Pr N is replaced by other organics, various pentasil-type zeolitic precursors are formed. It appears that specific zeolites are formed only when quaternary ammonium salts are used, their nature (structure) being essentially dependent on the length of the alkyl chains pure ZSM-8, ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 are obtained respectively with Et N+, Pr N+ and Bu N cations. TG data indicate that the latter fill nearly completely the zeolitic channel system (Table VIII). 

Table VIII. Characteristics of some pentasil zeolites obtained from synthesis B using various organic bases or cations (adapted from ref (25), by permission).

Long-range ET rates have been measured in c/ccp complexes [73, 74] the reactions between cyt c and Feccp [ES is the oxidation product of Fe(II)ccp and peroxide it has two oxidizing equivalents, namely, Fe(IV)0 and a protein-based organic radical cation] are given in Eq. (3) ... 

The most comprehensive study of lithium cation basicities for organic bases was conducted by Taft, Gal and coworkers who investigated the effect of molecular structure on the gas-phase cation and proton basicities. Taft s LCA scale was revised and extended, and the lithium cation basicity scale now includes over 200 compounds. In the same work the correlations between gas-phase basicities toward lithium cation (LCB) and proton (GB) were examined. Good correlations are obtained provided that separate lines are drawn for homogeneous families and the differences in slopes are traced back to the different sensitivities to structural effects. Large deviations are explained by either a different attachment center for Li+ and H+ or a chelation effect toward Li+. Figure 5 describes three types of interactions that involve chelation of a lithium cation. 

The direct potentiometric determination (using a cation-selective membrane electrode) of procaine and some physiologically active amines in pharmaceuticals has been reported [70]. The sensing membrane was formed from PVC plasticized with dibutyl phthalate, and contained 0.1 mM trioctyloxybenzene-sulfonic acid in dibutyl phthalate. The reference solution was a mixture of 1 mM solution of the organic base and hydrochloric acid. Response was found to be linear over a wide concentration range, and the method was highly selective. 

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