Catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide

Goal Upgrading via Fischer-Tropsch. The synthesis of methane by the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen over nickel and cobalt catalysts at atmospheric pressure was reported in 1902 (11). 

The first demonstration of catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons was accompHshed ia 1902 usiag a nickel catalyst (42). The fundamental research and process development on the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide was carried out by Fischer, Tropsch, and Pichler (43). Whereas the chemistry of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is complex, generalized stoichiometric relationships are often used to represent the fundamental aspects ... 

Metal hydrides and acyl-like CO insertion products are two types of species likely to be present in any homogeneous or heterogeneous process for the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide. The discovery and understanding of new types of reactivity patterns between such species are of fundamental interest. As discussed elsewhere (11,22,54-57), bis(pentamethylcyclo-pentadienyl) actinide hydrides (58) are highly active catalysts for olefin hydrogenation as well as H-H and C-H activation. 

Production of Various Organic Substances by the Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Monoxide with Hydrogen under Pressure... 

The mass of data and material published during the past twenty-five years on the general subject of the synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen has been reviewed adequately by others (18). The object of this paper is to describe the highlights of the development of the Fischer-Tropsch type synthesis, prior to World War II, which have contributed to the present synthesis of liquid fuels from natural gas process and to dwell at greater length on certain of the work done by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., in this field since the war. 

Alcohols are among the most important and commonly encountered of all organic chemicals. Methanol (CH3OH), the simplest member of the family, was once known as wood alcohol because it was prepared by heating wood in the absence of air. Approximately 1.6 billion gallons of methanol are manufactured each year in the United States by catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen gas ... 

The Fischer-Tropsch Hynthesis, i.e., the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide bj" hydrogen to liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons and oxygenated organic compounds, has recently been reported to operate efficiently tinder siiperatmospheric pressure, with catalysts which contain iron as their basic component. IMore recently catalysts of this type are being used in a very fine dispersion which permits one to operate with them in a fluid bed. ... 

The methods for the collection and introduction of gas samples in gas chromatography (GC) are described. Containers for samphng gases, sorption pipes, two- and three-position multiport valves and chambers capable of changing pressure with a mobile piston are presented. The methanizer in which the catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to methane occurs is also presented. 

The catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide producing hydrocarbons, olefins, and oxygenated compounds generally known as Fischer-Tropsh chemistry is of great industrial and economical interest. The possibility of substituting petroleum by other carbonaceous sources such as coal in the production of organic... 

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