Catalytic conversion of methane

Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Synthesis Gas by Partial Oxidation... 

M. A. Gondal, A. Hameed, and A. Suwaiyan, Photo-catalytic conversion of methane into methanol using visible laser, Appl. Catal. A 243(1), 165-174 (2003). 

Nazarkina, E. B. and N. A. Kirichenko 1979. Improvement in the steam catalytic conversion of methane by hydrogen liberation via palladium membranes Khim. Tekhnol. Topi. Masel. 3 5-10. 

The direct catalytic conversion of methane has been actively pursued for many years. Much of the emphasis has been on the direct production of methanol via selective partial oxidation (8), coupling of methane to ethylene (9), or methane aromatization (10). At this time none of these technologies has been demonstrated commercially due to low yields of desired products due to combustion by-products or low equilibrium conversion at reasonable process temperatures and pressures. The potential benefits of a hypothetical process for the direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol (11) are presented as an example. 

B) Let us consider a more complex example of a catalytic conversion of methane [51]... 

F. R. Ribeiro M. Guisnet Eds. Nato AS. Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1997 (c) Catalytic Conversion of Methane to More Useful Chemicals and Fuels a Challenge for the 21st Century. ... 

J. H. Lunsford, in L. Guczi, F. Solymosi, P. Tetenyi (Eds) The Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Oxygenates and Higher Hydrocarbons, Part A. Adademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1992. 

The interrelationships between activation of H2 and other a-bonded molecules such as alkanes and silanes are highly significant because catalytic conversion of methane and other alkanes is strongly being pursued (17-19). An important question thus is whether C-H bonds in alkanes, particularly CH4, can bind to superelectrophilic metal centers to form a a alkane complex that can be split heterolytically where proton transfer to a cis ligand (or anion) takes place followed by functionalization of the resultant methyl complex (Eq. (3)). 

K. Gosiewski, Simulations of non-stationary reactors for the catalytic conversion of methane to synthesis gas. Chem. Eng. Sci.,... 

Igumnov V.S. Heat -and mass transfer at catalytic conversion of methane with the attitude an oxidizer/methane close to stoichiometry / the Dissertation on competition, c.t.s., MICM, 1990. 

Igumnov V.S., Carbon nanostructure - an intermediate stage in catalytic conversion of methane // III International Symposium Fullerene and fullerennoid structures in the condensed environments , June, 2004, Minsk. 

Steam reforming. Steam reforming (SR) ofNG is the most efficient and widely used process for the production of hydrogen. The SR process basically represents catalytic conversion of methane (a major component of the hydrocarbon feedstock) and water (steam) to hydrogen and carbon oxides, and consists of two main reactions ... 

Other bidentate N-heterocyclic carbenes were used to form stable chelate complexes. A fine example is the use of palladium NHC complex 24 in the catalytic conversion of methane to methanol (Fig. 10) [111]. In this case the stability of the complexes is a requirement, since the reaction takes place in an acidic medium (trifluoroacetic acid) at elevated temperatures (80 °C) mediated by strong oxidizing agents (potassium peroxodisulfate). 

Hu YH, Ruckenstein E. Catalytic conversion of methane to synthesis gas by partial oxidation and CO2 reforming. Adv Catal. 2004 48 297-345. 

In addition to separation and purification, zeolites have also demonstrated promise in a number of different types of hydrogen production processes. Examples include the use of hydrogen zeolites, notably zeolite Y (EAU), as supports for nickel in the catalytic conversion of methane (Inaba et al.,... 

Extensive reserves of natural gas in the United States and elsewhere have made the catalytic conversion of methane to liquid fuels and chemicals an important topic for research. Drs. R. D. Srivastava and Pei Zhou at Bums and Roe (Pittsburgh, PA), together with G. J. Stiegel, Dr. V. U. S. Rao, and G. J. Cinquegrane at the U. S. Department of Energy, discuss the leading candidate processes and their respective costs. 

Although various kinetic data on the catalytic conversion of methane are available, surface information and spectroscopic data are still limited. In the present study, we have... 

Figure 5. Proposed mechanism of catalytic conversion of methane over ferric molybdate catalysts.

Using in situ FT-IR spectroscopy, the gas phase products and the principal intermediates involved in the catalytic conversion of methane over ferric molybdate catalysts were identified and the reaction mechanism was proposed. In the absence of an oxidizing agent, methane reacts with the oxygen of the catalyst to produce methoxy species, which is an important intermediate for methanol formation. Further oxidation of the methoxy groups results in the formation of surface dioxymethylene, adsorbed formaldehyde, and surface formate species. The decomposition of surface dioxymethylene and surface formate species will give carbon oxides and hydrogen. 

Another interesting field involving membrane reactors is the partial oxidation of methane to methanol, which is a process for the catalytic conversion of methane from natural gas and air oxygen to methanol by the partial oxidation as well as the steam reforming of methane, ethanol or glycerol for hydrogen production (Basile et a/., 2011 lulianelli et al, 2010,2011). 

---