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Catalyst, homogeneous

The state of the catalyst (homogeneous or heterogeneous) is dictated by the relative quantities of solvent and water used. [Pg.55]

The known catalyst systems for olefin metathesis can be grouped into heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous multi-component catalysts, and homogeneous single-component catalysts. [Pg.138]

Hydroboration, 13, 1 Hydrocyanation of conjugated carbonyl compounds, 25, 3 Hydroformylation, 56, 1 Hydrogenation catalysts, homogeneous, 24, 1... [Pg.590]

Most industrial processes use catalysts. Homogeneous single reaction systems are fairly rare and unimportant. The most important homogeneous reaction systems in fact involve free radical chains, which are very complex and highly nonlinear. [Pg.551]

Figure 4. Comparison of the behavior of VSil545 in propane oxidative dehydrogenation using N2O or O2 as oxidizing agents. Exp. conditions as in Fig. 1. The dotted lines represent the propane conversion and propylene selectivity observed in the absence of the catalyst (homogeneous gas phase). The activity of the catalyst in the absence of O2 or N2O is similar to that observed in the homogeneous gas phase, but the selectivity to propylene (around 50-60%) is lower. Figure 4. Comparison of the behavior of VSil545 in propane oxidative dehydrogenation using N2O or O2 as oxidizing agents. Exp. conditions as in Fig. 1. The dotted lines represent the propane conversion and propylene selectivity observed in the absence of the catalyst (homogeneous gas phase). The activity of the catalyst in the absence of O2 or N2O is similar to that observed in the homogeneous gas phase, but the selectivity to propylene (around 50-60%) is lower.
In a rather loose sense it can be stated that these successive types of reactions impose increasingly stringent requirements on a catalyst. Thus, catalysts which are active in reactions of the last type are normally effective also for the first two types, but the converse of this is not as generally valid. There are, however, in each class of reaction, examples of catalysis by all three types of catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymic). [Pg.302]

Many types of reactions exist. This results in chemical reactors with a wide variety of configurations, operating conditions, and sizes. We encounter reactions that occur in solely the liquid or the vapor phase. Many reactions require catalysts (homogeneous if... [Pg.433]

In contrast to heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts, homogeneous catalysts based on biscyclopentadienyl derivatives of group 4 transition metals, which contain cationic metallocene species of formally d° 14-electronic structure, hardly promote the polymerisation of conjugated dienes, since the diene can act as a donor of four electrons rather than of two electrons as in monoolefin polymerisation (let us recall that the polymerisation of conjugated dienes is catalysed by half-sandwich metallocene-based catalysts). However, it has been reported [162] that statistical copolymers of ethylene and butadiene were obtained with the Cp2ZrCl2— [Al(Me)0]x catalyst. [Pg.297]

There are two types of catalysts Homogeneous catalysts are in the same physical phase as the reactants. Biological catalysts are called enzymes, and most of them are homogeneous catalysts. A typical homogenous catalytic reaction mechanism involves an initial reaction with one reactant followed by a reaction with a second reactant and release of the catalyst ... [Pg.150]

When multicomponent solid systems are used to prepare a catalyst, homogenization of the precursors (mixing at the molecular level) is extremely important The activity of the finished catalyst should not differ in the different parts of a catalyst charge, or from batch to batch of it. Two fundamental aspects of solid-state reactions involved in the preparation of catalysts are nuclcation and the growth from solution of the nuclei or elementary particles into distinct solid phases in the... [Pg.64]

Metallocene Catalysts (Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta). Solid Ziegler-Natta catalysts suffered from several problems, including the presence of multiple polymerization sites on the catalyst surface and catalyst residue in the final polymer, requiring a secondary purifica-... [Pg.634]

Assay Preparation Melt a sample in an oven to obtain a clear and homogeneous liquid. Transfer about 50 mg of melted sample, accurately weighed, into a 10-mL reaction vial with screw cap, and successively add 200 iL of V,0-Bis(trimethyl-silyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA, 99%, silylation reagent) and 800 (xL of pyridine (catalyst). Homogenize by means of a vortex, and silylate for 30 min at room temperature. Dilute with 9 mL of hexane. [Pg.493]


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Acidic homogeneous catalysts

Acrylic acid homogeneous catalysts

Alkaline homogeneous catalysts

Applications homogeneous catalysts

Asymmetric homogeneous catalysts

Benzothiophene hydrogenation, homogeneous catalysts

Binding and Reactive Sites in Metal Cluster Catalysts Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Bridges

Block organometallic clusters as homogeneous catalysts

Carbon homogeneous catalysts

Carbon interaction with homogeneous catalyst

Catalyst Concepts in Homogeneous Catalysis

Catalyst artificial homogeneous

Catalyst deactivation homogeneous

Catalyst homogenous

Catalyst homogenous

Catalyst materials homogeneous catalysts

Catalyst poisoning, homogeneous

Catalyst types homogeneous

Catalyst, continued homogeneous

Catalysts homogeneous acid

Catalysts homogeneous base

Catalysts homogeneous catalysis

Catalysts homogeneous multi-component

Catalysts homogeneous single-component

Catalysts homogeneous versus heterogeneous

Catalysts organometallic homogeneous

Catalysts, heterogeneous/homogeneous

Catalysts, homogeneous ligand types

Catalyzed homogeneous hydrosilation catalysts

Characterization of Homogeneous Catalysts

Charge homogeneous catalyst

Chloroplatinic Acid as a Homogeneous Catalyst

Cinchona homogeneous catalysts

Constrained geometry homogeneous catalysts

Crabtree catalyst homogenous hydrogenation

Critical Factors for the Technical Application of Homogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts

Deuteration with homogeneous catalysts

Enantioselective homogeneous catalyst

Encapsulated homogeneous catalyst

Heck reaction homogeneous catalysts

Heterogeneous-homogeneous catalytic oxide catalysts

Heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts

Heterogenized homogeneous catalysts

Heterogenized homogenous carbonylation catalysts

Heterogenizing Homogeneous Catalysts and Their Use in a Continuous Flow Reactor

History of homogeneous catalysts

Homogeneous Bronsted acid catalysts

Homogeneous Catalysis with Transition Metal Catalysts

Homogeneous Catalyst Systems

Homogeneous Catalysts - Hydrogen Peroxide as the Terminal Oxidant

Homogeneous Catalysts Applied in Membrane Reactors

Homogeneous Catalysts and Ketone Hydrogenation

Homogeneous Catalysts on Soluble Organic Supports

Homogeneous Reduction Catalysts

Homogeneous Rhodium-Chiral Phosphine Catalyst Systems

Homogeneous Single-site Catalysts

Homogeneous Titanium-based Catalysts for Nonasymmetric Transformations

Homogeneous WGS Catalysts

Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Homogeneous asymmetric catalysis dendritic catalysts

Homogeneous asymmetric catalysis polymeric catalysts

Homogeneous catalysis A catalyst

Homogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalyst)

Homogeneous catalysis iron-based catalyst

Homogeneous catalysis metal-catalyst bonds

Homogeneous catalysis ruthenium catalysts

Homogeneous catalyst Ziegler-Natta polymerization

Homogeneous catalyst charging

Homogeneous catalyst cocatalyst

Homogeneous catalyst immobilization studies

Homogeneous catalyst kinetic model

Homogeneous catalyst metallocene catalysts

Homogeneous catalyst recovery

Homogeneous catalyst removal

Homogeneous catalyst separation methods

Homogeneous catalysts activation

Homogeneous catalysts addition of perfluoroalkyl

Homogeneous catalysts alternating copolymers

Homogeneous catalysts approach

Homogeneous catalysts cyclopolymerization

Homogeneous catalysts development

Homogeneous catalysts evolution

Homogeneous catalysts examples

Homogeneous catalysts generated

Homogeneous catalysts generated photochemically

Homogeneous catalysts heterogeneous catalyst comparisons

Homogeneous catalysts industrial applications

Homogeneous catalysts meaning of term

Homogeneous catalysts metal alkyl-free

Homogeneous catalysts metallocene

Homogeneous catalysts metallocenes

Homogeneous catalysts overview

Homogeneous catalysts stereoselectivity mechanism

Homogeneous catalysts synthesis

Homogeneous catalysts, Suzuki coupling

Homogeneous catalysts, Suzuki coupling reactions

Homogeneous catalysts, defined

Homogeneous catalysts, immobilization

Homogeneous catalysts, immobilization zeolites

Homogeneous catalysts, stereochemistry

Homogeneous catalysts, thermal

Homogeneous catalysts, thermal discussion

Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation over chiral catalysts

Homogeneous catalytic reactions catalyst recovery

Homogeneous charge-transfer catalyst

Homogeneous chiral catalyst

Homogeneous chiral catalyst discovery

Homogeneous chiral catalysts for

Homogeneous chiral dendritic catalysts

Homogeneous early transition-metal catalyst

Homogeneous epoxidation catalyst system

Homogeneous from Heterogeneous Catalysts

Homogeneous green oxidation catalysts

Homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts

Homogeneous metal complex catalyst

Homogeneous metathesis catalysts

Homogeneous molecular catalysts

Homogeneous ruthenium catalyst

Homogeneous titanium catalyst

Homogeneous transition metal catalysts

Homogeneous transition metal catalysts industrial processes

Homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts, bridging

Homogenous Solution Catalysts at Semiconductor Electrodes

Homogenous catalysts, and

Homogenous platinum catalysts

Hybrid-phase catalysts homogeneous

Hydroformylation homogeneous catalysts immobilization

Hydrogenation Using Homogeneous Catalysts

Hydrogenation catalysts for homogeneous

Hydrogenation with homogeneous catalysts

Hydrogenation, catalytic, alkene homogeneous catalysts

Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts

Immobilization of Homogeneous Hydroformylation Catalysts on Solid Surfaces by Covalent Anchoring

Immobilization of homogenous catalysts

Immobilized homogeneous catalysts

Immobilized homogeneous catalysts Subject

Innovative Concepts for Catalyst Separation in Biphasic Homogeneous Catalysis

Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their Application as Homogeneous Catalysts

Linear homogeneous catalysts

Membrane Reactors for Homogeneously Soluble Catalysts

Metal catalysts homogeneous

Model catalysts homogeneous

Nitrogen oxides homogeneous catalysts

Olefin homogeneous catalysts

Other Types of Non-homogeneous Catalysts

Oxo Complexes as Homogeneous Oxidation Catalysts

Oxygen homogeneous catalysts

Polymerisation reactions homogeneous catalysts

Polyphosphine Homogeneous Catalysts

Preparation advances homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts

Quasi-homogeneous Catalysts

Recoverable homogeneous palladium catalyst

Recycling of homogeneous catalysts

Reduction homogeneous iron catalyst

Rhodium-chiral phosphine catalysts homogeneous

Ruthenium, homogeneous alkene hydrogenation catalysts from

Selectivity homogeneous catalysts

Semiconductor homogenous solution catalysts

Side Reactions in Homogeneous Catalysts

Stereochemistry of Homogeneous Catalysts. Anti-Lock and Key Concept

Supported homogeneous catalyst

Supported homogeneous film catalysts

Synthesis of Oxygenates from Syngas by Homogeneous Catalysts

Tailor-made Homogeneous Catalysts

Terephthalic using homogeneous catalysts

The Activity-Stability Parameterization of Homogeneous Green Oxidation Catalysts

Transfer Hydrogenation using Homogeneous Catalysts

Transition Metal Complexes as Homogeneous Catalysts

Transition metal-based homogeneous catalysts

Transition metals, preparation homogeneous catalysts

Type A2 - Immobilized Homogeneous Catalysts and Metal Nanoparticles

Water homogeneous catalysts

Water on Homogeneous Catalysts

Ylide homogeneous catalyst

Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 4 Polymerisation with Homogeneous Metallocene

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