Catalysts apparent bulk density

Regenerator dimensions Reactor dimensions Catalyst retention in reactor Catalyst retention in generator API of raw oil feed Reactor pressure Regenerator pressure Average particle size Pore volume of catalyst Apparent bulk density Catalyst surface area... 

Plot the physical properties of the equilibrium catalyst. The plotted properties will include particle size distribution and apparent bulk density. The graph confirms any changes in catalyst properties. 

Apparent Bulk Density—ABD. The density of the catalyst at which it is shipped either in bulk volume or bags. It is density of the catalyst at minimum fluidization velocity. 

Apparent Bulk Density (ABD) is the density of catalyst as measured, loosely compacted in a specified container. 

Using the catalyst vendor s equilibrium catalyst report, the physical properties of the circulating catalyst may be monitored for any change. Albemarle routinely analyzes a sample of the circulating catalyst inventory among others for physical characteristics, including surface area (SA), metal content, apparent bulk density (ABD), and particle size distribution (PSD). 

Apparent bulk density the density of a catalyst as measured usually loosely compacted in a container. 

The catalyst used was Katalco 23-1 Primary Reforming Catalyst, a commercial nickel reforming catalyst supported on alumina. Its chemical composition was reported as 10-14% NIO, 0.2% SIO2 balance AI2O3. It was supplied as hollow cylinders of size 5%-in O.D., 5/16-in 1.0. and 3/8-1n long, and had an apparent bulk density of 66 5 lb/ft. The rings were crushed and sieved to obtain the 24/32 mesh cut used In all of the experiments. 

Apparent bulk density (ABD, g/ml). ABD is determined by measuring the mass as a known volume of catalyst settles freely under its own weight. A higher ABD improves cyclone efficiency, in general. Its effect on catalyst circulation depends on the unit design and operation, as well as the particle size distribution. 

The catalyst used was a commercial Cu/SiOg catalyst (Harshaw), with the following characteristics Surface area 4 m /g Pore volume 0.61 m3/g Apparent bulk density 0.5 g/cm Particle size between 1000 and 1600 pm. It was found that both Cu and the promoter Na were located in a thin external layer on the catalyst particles. 

The apparent bulk density (ABD) is a prime consideration of the user and in this respect, ABD of the PDIL catalyst (CD-ED-101) has half of the value of the imported catalyst. Other physical parameters viz. surface area, pore volume, crushing strength, attrition loss etc., considered by the users to select a catalyst for commercial use in the plants, were better for the indigenous catalyst than the imported one. 

The development of these catalysts occurred in an atmosphere of tight secrecy, and little has been published on those efforts. All three were of the particulate type one contained noble metal(s) while the other two were noble-metal promoted base-metal catalysts (16). The UOP noble metal catalyst was provided several years later to GM and to Ford for evaluation with unleaded fuel and for other studies, and it can be deduced that it was supported on low-density (about 0.32 g/mL apparent bulk density) 1/8 inch spheres (17) and may have contained about 0.47 troy ounces of platinum per cubic foot (ca. 0.16 weight percent), with the platinum concentrated in a subsurface shell some distance below the exterior surfaces of the spheres for improved poison resistance (18) The Cyanamid catalyst was later studied by Ford (16, 19) it apparently was an extrudate (1/8" diameter x 1/8" long) of about 0.67 g/mL ABD, with about 125 ppm (weight) of palladium and 5 weight % each of CuO and 2 5 Si02 95% AI2O3 support of about... 

C and at a pressure of about 30 bar. The catalyst used in the BenSat benzene saturation technology from UOP is based on an alumina support characterized by spherical particles, a surface area of about 160—200m g and an apparent bulk density of about 0.45—0.6. The concentration of platinum metal present on the catalyst may vary from 0.375 to 0.75 wt% (407,408). 

Catalyst Carrier Pd vol. content (g.lOOcm ) Pd mass content (%) Apparent bulk density (g.crn Metallic dispersion (%)... 

Bulk density, or packing density, includes all pores and voids (interparticle spaces) in its calculation. It is determined by filling a graduated cylinder, with or without tapping. It follows that the value obtained is dependent upon the form of the catalyst (powder, tablets, extrudates) because of the different contribution of interparticle void space to the pore volume. Tap density is the apparent density of a bed of particles in a container of stated dimensions when a given amount of powder is vibrated or tapped under controlled conditions. The use of the term bulk density should be... 

Nov suppose that another catalyst is used having the sane properties as the initial one, except that it gives a polymer powder with a bulk density BD lower than BD. Let x be the ratio BD/BDg < 1. Supposing that the maximal apparent volume occupied by the polymer in the reactor is the sane with both catalysts, the polymer mass content of the reactor becomes... 

Catalytic combustion of CO is a fast reaction. At normal operation the catalyst is in the outer mass transport controlled region, this means that the reaction rate of the catalyst is higher than the rate of transport of reactants from the gas bulk to the outer surface of the catalyst. The apparent activity is then affected by parameters like geometry of catalyst, flow rate and properties of the gas, like viscosity and density. A change in temperature effects the properties of the gas and the flow rate, it therefore effects the conversion slightly, however it is not the change in intrinsic reaction rate that can be seen. 

Activity of the unit of a catalytic layer volume is very important characteristics of the catalyst, which depends on the activity per the weight unit as well as on apparent density of the layer. For bulk ZrFe intermetallides (fraction 2-3 mm), the apparent density ( 3 g/cm ) is much higher than that for composite catalysts ( 1 g/cm ). However, enhancement of AC specific activity due to... 

D. N. Miller and R. S. Kirk [AIChE J., 8, 183 (1962)] studied the kinetics of the catalytic dehydration of primary alcohols to produce the respective olefins. These investigators employed a TCC silica-alumina catalyst in a fixed bed reactor operating at 1 atm and temperatures from 400 to 700° R The catalyst is characterized by a specific surface area of 350 rc /g and a porosity of ca. 0.5. Within the bed the apparent density of the catalyst is 1.15 g/cm. The density of the nonporous bulk solid silica-alumina is 2.30 g/cm. The catalyst received from the vendor was sieved to obtain five sets of particles with apparent particle diameters equal to 0.40, 2.30, 3.05, 4.06, and 5.11 mm. 

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