Carrots conditions

The comparison of the light effect on carotenoids in foods is very difficult to carry out because different foods with different isomer compositions are employed at the beginnings of experiments. The presence of large molecules offers some photoprotection to carotenoids in food systems, either by complexation with proteins as found in carrots or acting as a filter to reduce the light incidence. Different storage conditions are often found because different light intensities are used or sometimes they are not even reported and experiments are carried out under air, N2, or in a vacuum. 

To this end, we designed experiments in which conditions were varied in order to induce the extremes of growth or differentiation into the crop. In Table 5.4 we present an overview of the experiments with the presumed effects of varying the cultivation factors on the life processes. By comparing the results with our expectations, we largely completed step 4 of the validation course for apple and carrot. 

The antioxidant capacity retained in carrots washed with ASC could be attributed to retention of phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as carotene content (Ruiz-Cruz and others 2007). These results suggest that the use of sanitizers such as ASC is helpful in preserving the antioxidant capacity of carrots. Similar ORAC values were observed between different sanitizers and both water conditions, without significant changes. This is a clear example of a postharvest treatment maintaining the nutritional value of produce. 

During osmotic dehydration of apple, pumpkin, and carrot in sugar solution at 30 °C, the rate of water loss was 5-10 times higher than the rate of solid gain and depended on advancement of the dewatering process (Kowalska and Lenart, 2001). Under the same dewatering conditions, pumpkin and carrot reached smaller water contents than apple (Figure 3). 

Some vegetables, such as cabbages, carrots, cauliflowers, leeks, lettuces, onions, and peas, have a range of cultivars for different seasons some can even be available to harvest all year, depending on the severity of your climate. Cultivars described as "quick" or "early" are especially useful at both the beginning and the end of the growing season, as they produce a crop more quickly than main crops. Others have been bred to tolerate cold conditions. 

Details of preparation and storage conditions for crops that last well through the winter are given here (seepanel, left). Some other crops can also be stored for shorter periods for example, carrots, parsnips, beets, rutabagas, and celeriac keep well if packed in moist sand or fine leaf mold in shallow trays or boxes. 

Reyes, A., Alvarez, PI. and Marquardt, PH., Drying of carrots in a fluidized bed. I Effects of drying conditions and modelling. Drying Tech., 20 (2002) 1463-1483. 

Gonzalez, R. J., Luo, Y., Ruiz-Cruz, S., and McEvoy, J. L. (2004). Efficacy of sanitizers to inactivate Escherichia coli 0157 H7 on fresh-cut carrot shreds under simulated process water conditions. ]. Food Prot. 67, 2375-2380. 

In 1936 Sinox, a dinitro selective weed killer, was introduced and widely used, not only in cereal crops but in peas, onions, flax, and other important crops. In the early forties a private dealer in the Salinas Valley of California discovered the selective herbicidal use of stove oil in carrot crops. As war conditions made labor scarce and military demands called for increased production, this proved a great boon to the vegetable growers. 

Incubation of D-[U-I4C]apiose with sterile Lemma minor (duckweed) produced less than 0.01% incorporation into the cell-wall polysaccharides.75 Most of the d-[U-i4C]apiose appeared as 14C02 some remained in solution in the medium and in the duckweed plants, primarily as degradation products of D-[U-14C]apiose, but not as the branched-chain sugar.75 There is an efficient synthesis of the [U-14C]apiose moiety of cell-wall polysaccharides from D-[U-14C]glucose under similar conditions.81 Of the plant tissues tested, only L. minor contained an enzyme system able to metabolize free apiose. Carrot, lettuce, and spinach tissues are unable to metabolize the free, branched-chain sugar.75... 

Finally we quote a paper by Erkmen [43], He investigated the inactivation of E. faecalis suspended in physiological and complex substrates (orange-, peach-, or carrot juice) and obtained a total inactivation under specific conditions of pressure, temperature and exposure time, apart from whole- or skimmed milk. 

Cloning. Asexual propagation (cloning) of plants ordinarily occurs by virture of the ability of embryonic meristematic tissue to differentiate into roots and shoots. If isolated phloem cells or other more differentiated cells are cultured, the result is often the formation of a callus, a dedifferentiated mass of cells somewhat reminiscent of embryonic cells. Under proper conditions, e.g., in a coconut milk culture and in the presence of the correct auxin-to-cytokinin ratio, some carrot root phloem cells revert to embyronic cells and develop into intact plants.99 This experiment provided proof that the differentiated carrot phloem cells... 

The cell wall is a structure rich in compounds with a cis-diol configuration. On the other hand, it has been found that B is a predominant element in this structure, principally under deficiency conditions [118]. It has been estimated that the B present in the cell wall represents roughly 96% of the total of cellular B in carrots (Dancus carota) [119]. In tobacco cells, the B in the cell wall reportedly makes up 90% of the total B in the cell with deficient levels and 60% with normal (or adequate) levels of this micronutrient [119]. 

Prestel, D., I. Weisgerber, W. Klein, and F. Korte (1976). Balance of the distribution and transformation of metribuzin-14C (SENCOR) in potatoes, carrots, and soil under outdoor conditions. Chemosphere, 5 137-144. 

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