Carrot plants

Singh, G., Kawatra, A., and Sehgal, S., Nutritional composition of selected green leafy vegetables, herbs and carrots. Plant Foods Human Nutr., 56, 359, 2001. 

Clear-cut selectivity was not found in all cases. As used in this discussion selective concentration means the hydrocarbon concentration which resulted in no injury or only slight injury to carrot plants, but which killed or severely injured the other test plants. 

Poisoning may occur through ingestion. Unintentional ingestion can occur from coniine when similar plants are mistaken for parsley, anise (seeds), or carrot plant. It is tuberous, similar to turnip roots. 

Kiyosue, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K., Hij hi, K., Satoh, S., Kamada, H., Harada, H. (1992). Isolation and characterization of a cDNA that encodes ECP31, an embiyogenic-ceU pirotein from carrot. Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (May 1992), pp. 239-249, ISSN 0167 12... 

Jayraj J, Devlin R, Punja Z (2008) Metabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants. Transgenic Res 17 489-501... 

Carotenoids are natural pigments characterized by a tail to tail linkage between two C20 units and an extended conjugated system of double bonds They are the most widely dis tributed of the substances that give color to our world and occur m flowers fruits plants insects and animals It has been estimated that biosynthesis from acetate produces approximately a hundred million tons of carotenoids per year The most familiar carotenoids are lycopene and (3 carotene pigments found m numerous plants and easily isolable from npe tomatoes and carrots respectively... 

The oil obtained at ibi period of malnriiy of the seeds hy distillation of the entire plant of the wild carrot of the Puy-de-DOme, bas been examined by Boure-lierlrand Fils. ... 

An alkene, sometimes caJled an olefin, is a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond. Alkenes occur abundantly in nature. Ethylene, for instance, is a plant hormone that induces ripening in fruit, and o-pinene is the major component of turpentine. Life itself would be impossible without such alkenes as /3-carotene, a compound that contains 11 double bonds. An orange pigment responsible for the color of carrots, /3-carotene is a valuable dietary source of vitamin A and is thought to offer some protection against certain types of cancer. 

Mott, R.L. Steward, F.C. (1972). Solute accumulation in plant cells. I. Reciprocal relations between electrolytes and ions in carrot explants as they grow. Annals of Botany, 36, 621. 

The shift in pattern of protein synthesis during anaerobiosis has been observed in root tissue of many other plant species including rice, sorghum, barley, pea, and carrot (see Sachs Ho, 1986). In anaerobically treated barley aleurone cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increases (Hanson Jacobsen, 1984) as does enzyme activity and mRNA levels for ADH (Hanson, Jacobsen Zwar, 1984). 

Reuveni, M., Colombo, R., Lerner, H.-R., Pradet, A. Polkajoff-Mayber, A. (1987). Osmotically induced proton extrusion from carrot cells in suspension culture. Plant Physiology, 85, 383-8. 

Alkenes with many double bonds in a row are colored. Some plant pigments are alkenes of this kind. One example is )S-carotene, which gives carrots their distinctive orange color. Animals break down )S-carotene into vitamin A, which is essential for vision. Xanthin molecules, relatives of j6-carotene that contain oxygen atoms, occur in com, orange juice, and shellfish. The xanthin below makes the flamingo pink. 

The first reports of genetic manipulation of a crop plant were using the carrot. The introduction of crt genes from Erwinia herbicola by a group from Amoco (Ausich etal, 1991 Hauptmann etal.,1991) resulted in elevated levels of P-carotene. 

Specific carotenoid-protein complexes have been reported in plants and invertebrates (cyanobacteria, crustaceans, silkworms, etc.), while data on the existence of carotenoproteins in vertebrates are more limited. As alternatives for their water solubilization, carotenoids could use small cytosolic carrier vesicles." Carotenoids can also be present in very fine physical dispersions (or crystalline aggregates) in aqueous media of oranges, tomatoes, and carrots. Thus these physicochemical characteristics of carotenoids as well as those of other pigments are important issues for the understanding of their bioavailability. 

Many recent stndies of NMR spectroscopy have been reported for structure elucidation of anthocyanins from many plant materials such as carrot, tart berries, boysenberries, " flowers, black soybeans, and anthocyanin and flavonol derivatives in red wine. Ginsti et al. (1998) structurally elucidated two novel diacylated anthocyanins and two monoacylated anthocyanins from radish Raphanus sativus) by one- and two-dimensional NMR. Anderson et al. (2006) applied two-dimensional NMR to characterize carboxypyranoanthocyanins. Two 3-deoxyantho-cyanins, lnteolinidin-5-glncoside, and apigeninidin-5-glucoside were identified by Swinny et al. nsing H and C NMR. 

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