Internal carriers

Species/Solute Carrier Internal reagent Co/Coimter transport of ion LM type Mathematical model Inference Reference... 

Single-Particle Tracking of Gene Carrier Internalization. 290... 

Kargari et al. [135] industry wastewater Separation of gold(ni) using MIBK pH, concentration of surfactant, carrier, internal stripping phase, and ligand Only Au + ions transported from Au , Pd +, Pt" +,... 

Pattarino F, Marengo E, Gasco MR, and Carpignano R. (1993). Experimental design and partial least squares in the study of complex mixtures Microemulsions as drug carriers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 91, 157-165. 

H. Dias Mnrbach, G. Jaqnes Ogawa, F. Azevedo Borges, et al.. Ciprofloxacin release nsing natural rubber latex membranes as carrier. International Journal of Biomaterials 2014 (2014). http //dx.doi.0rg/lO.l 155/2014/157952 Article ID 157952,7 pages. 

J. Yang, S.B. Park, H.G. Yoon, Y.M. Huh, S. Haam, Preparation of poly epsUon-caprolac-tone nanoparticles containing magnetite for magnetic drug carrier. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 324 (2006) 185-190. 

M.S. Hassan, R. Lau, Inhalation performance of pollen-shape carrier in dry powder formulation with different drug mixing ratios Comparison with lactose carrier. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 386,6-14,2010. 

Kim, B. and Peppas, N. A. (2003b). In vitro release behavior and stability of insulin in complexation hydrogels as oral drug delivery carriers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 266,29-37. 

Opanasopit, P Sajomsang, W Ruktanonchai, U Mayen, V Rojanarata, T Ngawhimnpat, T. Methylated N-(4-pyridinylmethyl) chitosan as a novel effective safe gene carrier. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 364 (1), 2008, 127-134. 

The efforts of the experts from Pivdenny have made it possible for Ukraine to become firmly established in the first three of space powers (after USA and Russia). More than 400 earth satellites developed in Pivdenny have been in space In recent years experts have developed the unique camer-rockets Zenith and Cyclone, capable of taking 4 and 14 tons into orbit, respectively. No other carrier-rockets of this type exist anywhere in the world, so they were selected for the international project Sea Start and Globalstar The NDT experts from Pivdenny have made a great contribution to these development, as practically all the parts and components of the carrier-rockets are subjected to thorough control. 

In order to maintain Class and to comply with international legislation a ship must undergo surveys at prescribed intervals. Ships such as tankers and bulk carriers must comply with International Maritime Organisation resolutions which require a Class Enhanced Survey Programme. This programme includes Special Surveys at five yearly intervals with close-up visual inspection and thickness measurements to be made at specified locations, the number of which increases with the age of the ship. 

The transport of particles in the plasma is diffusive or convective for the neutrals, whereas the charge carriers move under the influence of the external and internal electric and magnetic fields. The drift velocityv of the charged particles is proportional to the electric field E ... 

However, optical fiber communications are not useful only for long-distance communication links. Fiber-optic data links are also used in a variety of short-distance systems, for example in computer—computer links and for internal communications on ships and aircraft. Figure 16 shows some possible appHcations for fiber-optic communications, with respect to length and bit rate. The common carrier appHcations, like telephone links. He to the upper right of the dashed line labeled 100 MHzkm. However, a wide variety of other lower performance appHcations, illustrated to the lower left of the dashed line, are in use or under development. 

This confinement yields a higher carrier density of elections and holes in the active layer and fast ladiative lecombination. Thus LEDs used in switching apphcations tend to possess thin DH active layers. The increased carrier density also may result in more efficient recombination because many nonradiative processes tend to saturate. The increased carrier confinement and injection efficiency faciUtated by heterojunctions yields increasing internal quantum efficiencies for SH and DH active layers. Similar to a SH, the DH also faciUtates the employment of a window layer to minimise absorption. In a stmcture grown on an absorbing substrate, the lower transparent window layer may be made thick (>100 /tm), and the absorbing substrate subsequendy removed to yield a transparent substrate device. 

The two-dimensional carrier confinement in the wells formed by the conduction and valence band discontinuities changes many basic semiconductor parameters. The parameter important in the laser is the density of states in the conduction and valence bands. The density of states is gready reduced in quantum well lasers (11,12). This makes it easier to achieve population inversion and thus results in a corresponding reduction in the threshold carrier density. Indeed, quantum well lasers are characterized by threshold current densities as low as 100-150 A/cm, dramatically lower than for conventional lasers. In the quantum well lasers, carriers are confined to the wells which occupy only a small fraction of the active layer volume. The internal loss owing to absorption induced by the high carrier density is very low, as Httie as 2 cm . The output efficiency of such lasers shows almost no dependence on the cavity length, a feature usehil in the preparation of high power lasers. 

Many terms have been used to describe the contents of a microcapsule active agent, actives, core material, fill, internal phase (IP), nucleus, and payload. Many terms have also been used to describe the material from which the capsule is formed carrier, coating, membrane, shell, or wall. In this article the material being encapsulated is called the core material the material from which the capsule is formed is called the shell material. 

Under both short-circuit and open-circuit conditions, a solar cell produces no electric power, the power is consumed internally in the cell and is dissipated as heat. When a resistive load is connected to a cell in sunlight, a photogenerated voltage, F, is induced across the load and a current flows through it. The existence of requites that the flow of majority carriers be reduced from that in the open-circuit condition there must be a higher battier potential than in the open-circuit case (Fig. 2d). This higher barrier potential (V6 — ) indicates a smaller reduction from Since the photogenerated... 

G. F. Carrier in H. Gitrder, ed.. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Applied Mechanics Springer, Berlin, 1964. 

The electrolytic cells shown ia Figures 2—7 represent both monopolar and bipolar types. The Chemetics chlorate cell (Fig. 2) contains bipolar anode/cathode assembhes. The cathodes are Stahrmet, a registered trademark of Chemetics International Co., and the anodes are titanium [7440-32-6] Ti, coated either with mthenium dioxide [12036-10-17, RUO2, or platinum [7440-06-4] Pt—indium [7439-88-5] Ir (see Metal anodes). Anodes and cathodes are joined to carrier plates of explosion-bonded titanium and Stahrmet, respectively. Several individual cells electrically connected in series are associated with one reaction vessel. 

Erythrocyte Entrapment of Enzymes. Erythrocytes have been used as carriers for therapeutic enzymes in the treatment of inborn errors (249). Exogenous enzymes encapsulated in erythrocytes may be useful both for dehvery of a given enzyme to the site of its intended function and for the degradation of pathologically elevated, diffusible substances in the plasma. In the use of this approach, it is important to determine that the enzyme is completely internalized without adsorption to the erythrocyte membrane. Since exposed protein on the erythrocyte surface may ehcit an immune response following repeated sensitization with enzyme loaded erythrocytes, an immunologic assessment of each potential system in animal models is required prior to human trials (250). 

Alumina produced by the Bayer process is precipitated and then calcined [Krawczyk, Ceramic Forum International, 67(7-8), 342-8 (1990)]. Aggregates are typically 20 to 70 [Lm, and have to be reduced. The standard product is typically made in continuous dry ball or vibra-toiy mills to give a product d o size of 3-7 [Lm, 98 percent finer than 45 [Lm. The mills are lined with wear-resistant alumina blocks, and balls or cylinders are used with an alumina content of 80-92 percent. The products containing up to 96 percent AI9O3 are used for bricks, kiln furniture, grinding balls and liners, high voltage insulators, catalyst carriers, etc. 

The Michaehs-Menten equation and other similar nonhnear expressions characterize immobihzed enzyme kinetics. Therefore, for a spherical porous carrier particle with enzyme molecules immobilized on its external as well as internal surfaces, material balance of the substrate will result in the following ... 

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