Carpet fiber samples

Proposed Protocol to Compare Dye Extracts from Carpet Fiber Samples... 

P.R.176 provides very lightfast polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing products. The samples equal step 6-7 on the Blue Scale. Dry and wet crocking may affect the objects to a certain extent. P.R.176 is also used in polypropylene spin dyeing, especially for coarse textiles, such as carpet fibers, split fibers, filaments, bristles, or tape, but also for finer denier yams. A special pigment preparation for this purpose is commercially available. 1/3 SD samples tolerate exposure to up to 300°C for one minute or up to 290°C for 5 minutes. In terms of lightfastness, 0.1% colorations equal step 5-6 on the Blue Scale, while 2% samples match step 7. 

The most frequently used methods for sampling indoor surface dust for SVOC/ POM analysis is simply to use dust from a vacuum cleaner dust bag, see for example, Krause, Chutsch and Englert (1989), or a special vacuum cleaner mouthpiece containing a filter, see for example, 0ie, Hersoug and Madsen (1997). Both the mouth-piece and the filter should be cleaned prior to use. It must be assured that the SVOCs and POMs of interest are quantitatively captured by the filter (e.g., phthalates are quantitatively captured by quartz fiber filters (Clausen and Wolkoffi 1997b)) and that the vacuum cleaner exhaust does not contaminate the samples with for example, phthalates. However, the vacuum cleaner sampling method is probably very dependent on the sampling conditions (e.g., carpet or hard floor... 

Figure 10.4 Comparison of recovery by 3 heated head-space enrichment methods. Sample Fire debris sample, gasoline on a charred matrix of carpet and carpet padding (Instrument 1). Top SPME, Car-boxen/PDMS fiber (70°C, 3 min extraction). Middle Static headspace enrichment (90°C,...

Various techniques, such as x-ray diffraction, fiber density, dyeing or dye rate methods, and thermal methods of analysis, used to estimate the heat history and heatset temperature of synthetic yarns are not suitable for routine quality control/process control because of the time and extensive sample preparation required to perform the test. Therefore, NIR methodology offers a simple, rapid, and accurate technique for measuring the heatset temperature of carpet yarns. 

Further, we examine the performance of TL samples embroidered with E-fibers of different thread densities. As depicted in Table 10.2, E-fiber TLs made of denser E-fibers clearly exhibited lower loss. That is, for TLs having the same stitching patterns, heavier fibers resulted in denser surface coverage (much like thicker carpets) and higher conductivity. We also observe that the loss for TL samples made by... 

To undertake this study, a supply of real-world nylon fibers, and information regarding the dyes used to color them, was required. Shaw Industries, Inc. (Dalton, GA) supplied numerous colored nylon carpet samples with the associated dyes used to color the samples, and Collins Aikman (Dalton, GA) provided many colored nylon windings and information regarding the dyes used to color the fibers. Ciba Specialty Chemicals (High Point, NC) provided the dyes used to color those nylon windings. For both carpet- and winding samples, the manufacturers often used identical dye components to produce differenr colors by varying the ratio of dyes mixed. Only a small selection of the fiber and dye samples kindly provided by these manufacturers were used in this study. They are listed in Table 1. 

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