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Clotting, cardiovascular system

In the cardiovascular system, there is a 10 to 20 beat per minute increase in heart rate, a 5-10 mm increase in blood pressure, and an increase in the strength of heart contractions. Nicotine increases the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) in susceptible people. It causes constriction of blood vessels in the skin, and causes platelets to adhere together leading to an increased possibility of blood clots. [Pg.371]

In the case of cardiovascular diseases, clot formation in the vascular system not only interrupts blood flow but also leads to embolism with fatal consequences. Antibodies against fibrin are able to detect these clots in their initial stage of formation. [Pg.400]

Healy AM, Rayburn HB, Rosenberg RD, Weiler H (1995) Absence of the blood-clotting regulator thrombomodulin causes embryonic lethality in mice before development of a functional cardiovascular system. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA 92 850-854... [Pg.306]

The application of antibodies in cardiovascular targeting in vivo originated with the experimental demonstration of the feasibility of using radiolabeled antimyosin antibody for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in 1976. Since then, the use of antibodies in the cardiovascular system has encompassed imaging of myocarditis,heart transplant rejection, dilated cardiomyopathy, alcohol induced cardiomyopathy,adriamycin cardiotoxicity, various other cardiomyopathies, vascular clots, atherosclerotic lesions,and even certain cancers such as soft tissue sarcomas.f Yet the best characterized and studied antibody for cardiovascular diagnostic targeting is monoclonal antimyosin Fab for its exquisite specificity... [Pg.1150]

NO synthesized by eNOS cells, diffuses out in all directions. About 80 to 90% of NO released by the endothelium in the cardiovascular system is washed away by the blood, where it is used to prevent platelet aggregation and the subsequent formation of blood clots. The remaining amount of NO diffuses to the wall (smooth muscle) of arteries and veins and triggers a cascade of events leading to the production of cyclic GMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Relaxation of the smooth muscle allows the blood vessel to dilate (increase of vessel diameter), resulting in lowered blood pressure. The cardiovascular system maintains a constant level of NO at a given blood flow [27]. When blood flow increases, the endothelium releases more NO to maintain its constant concentration in the blood stream. When this normal level is not produced, either because production is blocked by administration of eNOS inhibitors or by pathological states such as deposition of cholesterol on the wall of the arteries (atherosclerosis), the vascular muscles do not relax to the... [Pg.5530]

However, it is well established that vitamin A is involved in (1) the laying down of the connective tissue which lines the large blood vessels (2) synthesis of various stress hormones and (3) counteracting the effects of vitamin K in blood clotting (when large amounts of vitamin A are consumed). Therefore, it appears that adequate levels of vitamin A may help in maintaining the health of the cardiovascular system, but that excesses of the vitamin might be harmful. [Pg.548]

DHA, C22 6 i 3 cis-,cis-,cis-, cA-,cA-,cA-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid). Essential fatty acids support the cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and nervous systems, including the production of prostaglandins, which regulate body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood clotting, fertility, and conception, and they are essential in the inflammatory response. [Pg.883]

Cardiovascular diseases, comprising acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, have, as their immediate underlying cause, thrombosis of critically situated blood vessels with loss of blood flow to vital organs. One approach to the treatment of thrombosis consists of pharmacologic dissolution of the blood clot via the intravenous infusion of plasminogen activators that activate the blood fibrinolytic system. [Pg.688]


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