Carcass contamination

Medical waste has been a growing concern because of recent incidents of public exposure to discarded blood vials, needles (sharps), empty prescription botdes, and syringes. Medical waste can typically include general refuse, human blood and blood products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, laboratory animal carcasses, contaminated bedding material, and pathological wastes. 

Reduces handling of carcasses contaminated with infectious agents, radionuclides, etc. 

Biomedical wastes are not only generated by hospitals. Animal research facilities, research centers, universities, rest homes, and veterinary clinics also generate pathological (infectious) waste. Pathological waste includes animal carcasses, contaminated laboratory wastes, hypodermic needles, contaminated food and equipment, blood products, and even dialysis unit wastes. Normally, biomedical wastes are incinerated along with other wastes generated by the facilities such as paper and plastic. 

II. Prevalence as an Evaluator of BSE Food Safety Risks HI. Carcass Contamination with Potentially 42... 

III. CARCASS CONTAMINATION WITH POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS TISSUES... 

Carcass contamination by gut contents at slaughter probably contributes most to the presence of C. difficile in meat and meat products. Slaughter techniques differ from country-to-coimtry, with those in the United States being more of the quick and dirty variety than in the EU. This coincides with the high percentage of positive meat samples (Songer et ah, 2009). 

At least nine groups of terrestrial invertebrates are adversely affected by eating 1080-poisoned baits, living in habitats contaminated by residues leaching from 1080 baits, or consuming animal by-products and carcasses contaminated with 1080. Lethal effects are reported in houseflies, moths, aphids. 

Varel and Miller (2001) indicated that decrease in pathogens digestive tract contamination as well as carcass contamination can be also achieved by Ireafinent of feces with secondary plant metabolites present in essential oils e.g. carvacrol or thymol. 

Waste containing animal materials and radioactivity is handled according to the amount of radioactivity present. Animal carcasses contaminated with low levels of tritium or... 

The transport of mirex out of Lake Ontario, (a known reservoir), to its tributaries is also possible as a result of migrating fish which move from the lake into the tributary streams to spawn. Fish, such as Pacific salmon, become contaminated with mirex while in the lake. These fish then swim upstream in the tributaries to their spawning grounds, spawn, and die. A direct transfer of mirex may then occur when resident stream fish feed on the decomposing carcasses and/or eggs, both of which contain mirex residues. Indirect transfer can occur as a result of the release of mirex from the salmon into the water or sediments and subsequent movement up the food chain. Movement of mirex back into Lake Ontario is also possible when the contaminated eggs hatch and surviving juvenile salmon return to the lake (Lewis and Makarewicz 1988). 

The production of PBBs in the United States ceased in 1979 (lARC 1986). In the past, PBBs were released to the environment during the manufacture of these compounds and disposal of commercial and consumer products containing these compounds (Hesse and Powers 1978 Neufeld et al. 1977). One of the significant sources of environmental contamination occurred as a result of the accidental mixup of FireMaster BP-6 with cattle food in a number of farms in the lower peninsula in Michigan (see Section 3.2 for additional details concerning this incident). By June 1975, 412 farms had been quarantined. Disposal of contaminated feed, animal carcasses (poultry, dairy cattle, swine), and animal products (dairy, meat, eggs) contributed to environmental contamination (Dunckel 1975 Kay 1977). No information was located on the current levels of contamination at these locations. 

In the enforcement phase of testing, IDA may also conduct follow-up investigation at the animal producer level to uncover the original source and cause of the contamination problem. This often results to seizure of animal feed or seizure and condemnation of carcasses. In accordance with the federal law, offenders may face prosecution if found guilty of contravening FDA tolerance levels. In addition, farmers harboring violative residues may find future shipments impounded unless they can clearly demonstrate compliance with residue standards. 

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