Amine and Carboxylic Acid

Pentafluorobenzyl bromide has been used in the derivatization of mercaptans [55] and phenols [36], m the analysis of prostaglandins [37], and in quantitative GC-MS [5S] 1,3 Dichlorotetrafluoroacetone is used for the derivatization of amino acids to the corresponding cyclic oxazolidinones and allows the rapid analysis of all 20 protein ammo acids [d] Pentafluorophenyldialkylchlorosilane derivatives have facilitated the gas chromatographic analysis of a wide range of functionally substituted organic compounds, including steroids, alcohols, phenols, amines, carboxylic acids, and chlorohydrms [4]... 

Conjugation of polar groups such as amines, carboxylic acids, and phenolic hydroxyl gronps produce water-soluble compounds that are excreted and these reactions therefore fnnction as a detoxification mechanism. 

The heterobifunctional PEGs are very useful in linking two entities in cases where a hydrophilic, flexible, and biocompatible spacer is needed. Preferred end groups for heterobifunctional PEGs are maleimides, vinyl sulfones, pyridyl disulfides, amines, carboxylic acids, and /V-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters. 

In addition to water, a variety of organic liquids, including amines, carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbons, have been used as solvents in the study of the homogeneous reactions of hydrogen with metal salts. In general, there is more uncertainty about the nature of the species present in such systems than in aqueous solution and, correspondingly, it is usually more difficult to elucidate the reaction mechanisms in detail. The most extensive solvent effect studies have been made on cupric, cuprous, and silver salts. A number of the more important results are considered below. 

The goal for our team of researchers is just that, however to develop an immobilization technique that is economical, scalable to production-size equipment, and accomplishes its task with commonly available raw materials. We already discussed the reaction of isocyanate, a component in all polyurethanes, with alcohols. It is well known, however, that isocyanates also react vigorously with amines, carboxylic acids, and other moieties. 

Dihydropyran is of value as a protecting group for alcohols and phenols, and to a lesser extent amines, carboxylic acids and thiols (B-67MI22403, B-81MI22404). The resulting tetrahydropyranyl ethers (736) are stable to base, but are readily cleaved under acidic conditions (Scheme 284). 

Cores and templates (Schemes 3 and 4) contain functional groups as attachment sites for appending peptide monomers. Their primary attachment sites can be broadly classified into three categories, which are amines, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy groups. These sites can also be modified with nucleophiles or electrophiles for convergent ligation of peptidyl units (Scheme 4). 

This test also yields positive results in the presence of other nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acids, and thiols. 

Since the discovery of cis-1 -amino-2-indanol as a ligand for human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and the development of a practical industrial process for the synthesis of either ris-isomers in enantiopure form, the remarkable properties of the rigid indane platform have been used extensively in an ever-increasing number of asymmetric methodologies. In addition to the use of this amino alcohol as a chiral auxiliary and ligand for asymmetric synthesis, it has found application as a useful resolution agent. Applications include amines, carboxylic acids, and alcohols. 

Wool. Wool fibers are comprised mainly of proteins the polypeptide polymers in wool are produced from some 20 alpha-amino acids. The major chemical features of the polypeptide polymer are the amide links, which occur between the amino acids along the polymer chain, and the cystine (sulfur to sulfur) crosslinks, which occur in a random spacing between the polymer chains. The polymer contains many amine, carboxylic acid, and amide groups, which contribute in part to the water-absorbent nature of the fiber. 

In aliphatic compounds the normal compound has usually the highest b.p.7 Menschutkin considered that, with alcohols, it is not the primary, secondary, or tertiary character that determines the b.p. (primary > secondary >tertiary), but the position of the side-chain relative to hydroxyl. With alcohols, alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, and esters, the b.p. is lower the nearer the side chain is to the substituent. This holds especially for higher homologues, e.g. amyl, hexyl, and heptyl alcohols and derivatives. 

Wiley, New York. Each volume deals with the preparation, reactions, and physical and chemical properties of compounds containing a given functional group. Volumes covering >20 functional groups have appeared so far, including books on alkenes, cyano compounds, amines, carboxylic acids and esters, and quinones. 

Fig-1 Main types of derivatives formed from amines, carboxylic acids, and alcohols in reactions with chiral derivatizing reagents. (From Ref. 3.)... 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Combustible liquid polymerizes above 392 F reacts vigorously with water, strong acids, strong bases, amines, carboxylic acids and organotin, heat, strong oxidizers FP (140°C) AT (454°F) LFL (0.9%) UFL (9.5%). 

It is believed that a strong base such as KOH or potassium alkoxide will deprotonate the active hydrogen from the reactants, such as alcohols, thiols, amines, carboxylic acids, and phenols, to generate the nucleophiles that add to acetylene, as illustrated by the formation of vinyl ether from alcohol and acetylene. This can qualitatively explain the reactivity order among primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, without considering the steric hindrance. It is known that tertiary alcohol is less acidic than secondary and primary alcohol, therefore, less potassium f-butoxide will be formed than primary potassium alkoxide from KOH. ... 

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