Carbonic acid dichlorides

Carbonic acid dichloride called phosgene , discovered by John Davy in 1812, appears still nowadays the only efficient simple activated form of carbon dioxide, and despite intensive research done to replace it with less noxious starting material, phosgene remains a substitute for carbon dioxide. Moreover, because of the presence of acid chloride functions, phosgene exhibits a large range of other chemical reactions which make it a very useful multipurpose tool in organic chemistry. 

Some polysulfides contain in the polymer backbone other groups besides -S-. A common type of group is oxycarbonyloxy, such as in the polymer resulting from the reaction of phosgene (chloroformyl chloride or carbonic acid dichloride) with 4,4 -thiobisphenol. This reaction can be considered a polycondensation and can be written as follows ... 

Carbonic Acid Dichloride ACS Nomenclature Chemical Abstracts)... 

Carbonic acid dichloride Carbonic dichloride Carbon oxychloride Carbonyl chloride Chemical ID ID1076 Chlorofornyl chloride... 

Mixed orthocarbonic acid esters from carbonic acid dichlorides... 

The reaction of phosgene (carbonic dichloride [75-44-5]) with alcohols gives two classes of compounds, carbonic esters and carbonochloridic esters, commonly referred to as carbonates and chloroformates. The carbonic acid esters (carbonates), R0C(0)0R, are the diesters of carbonic acid [463-79-6]. The carbonochloridic esters, also referred to as chloroformates or chlorocarbonates, C1C(0)0R, are esters of hypothetical chloroformic acid [463-73-0] CICOOH. 

Dicarboxylic acid dichlorides with less than seven carbon atoms do not react to give tetraketones similar to 117, but instead undergo an intramolecular acylation (72) to give on hydrolysis the vinylogous acid anhydride (118), e.g., from succinyl chloride and the enamine (113). 

Fluoroalkanephosphonic acid can be obtained by addition of iodine perfluoroalkane to vinylphosphonic acid dichloride followed by saponification and deiodination by sodium amalgam [141]. Fluoroalkanephosphonic acids can be transformed to fluoroalkanephosphonic acid glycil esters by 2 mol of epi-chlorhydrin in a water-free solution followed by reaction with alkalines or amines [142]. Compounds of this kind with an alkyl chain of 8-20 carbon at-... 

Acetylene Dichloride Acetylene Tetrachloride Acetylenogen Acetyl Hydroperoxide Acetyl Peroxide Solution Acid Ammonium Carbonate Acid Ammonium Fluoride Acid Calcium Phosphate... 

For food contact articles the following starting materials can be used 4,4 -dioxy-diphe-nyl-2,2-propane, 4,4 -dioxy-diphenyl-l, 1 -cyclohexane, 2,6-bis-(2 -hydroxy-5 -methylben-zyl)-4-methyl phenol (< 1 %), l,4-bis-(4, 4 -dihydroxytriphenyl-methyl)-benzene (< 1 %), diphenyl carbonate, phosgene, terephthalic acid dichloride, isophthalic acid dichloride, 4,4 -dioxy-diphenyl-3,3 -oxindol (< 1 %), 3,3-bis-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-indoli-none (< 1 %). 

Condensations followed by silyl migrations are achieved easily with carbon acid chlorides, imid chlorides (7, 26-28), and adequate derivatives of carbonic acid such as phosgene [Eq. (5a)] and isocyanide dichlorides [Eq. (5b)] (29-31). After the primary condensation to the... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidizer SAFETY PROFILE Dangerous fire hazard by spontaneous chemical reaction. It is a very powerful oxidizer. Fires of this material should be handled like sodium peroxide fires. Moderate explosion hazard hy spontaneous chemical reaction. Explodes on contact with water, forming H2O2 and KOH. Violent reactions with air, Sb, As, O2, K. Vigorous reaction on contact with reducing materials. On contact with acid or acid fumes, it can emit toxic fumes. Incompatible with carbon, diselenium dichloride, ethanol, hydrocarbons, metals. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O. See also PEROXIDES, INORGANIC. 

Phosgene is the acid dichloride of carbonic acid, HO-C(0)-OH, and, like aU acid chlorides, reacts rapidly with water to produce the corresponding acid and hydrogen chloride. Since carbonic acid is unstable, the ultimate products of reaction with water are hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen chloride produced dissolves in excess water to form hydrochloric acid (corrosive). 

Synonyms None Strontium diacetate Carbonic acid, strontium salt (1 1) Strontianite Strontium dichloride Chromic acid, strontium salt... 

Reactions of Vinylthiophens and Related Compounds. - 2-Aroyl-5-vinyl-thiophens react with triphenylphosphine, palladium chloride, and carbon monoxide to give 2-(5-aroyl-2-thienyl)propionic acid. Cycloaddition of sulphene, from methanesulphonyl chloride and triethylamine, to 2-(a-dimethylaminovinyl)thiophen gave (160). The synthesis of some substituted 3-(2-thienyl)acryloylamino-acids has been described. Some reactions of 3-chloro-j8-(2-thienyl)vinylphosphonic acid dichlorides have been studied, ... 

CARBONIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT (554-13-2) LijCOj Aqueous solution is an organic base. Violent reaction with acids. Inconpatible with fluorine, germanium, lead diacetate, magnesium, mercurous chloride, silicon, silver nitrate, titanium. Aqueous solution incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, isocyanates, ketones, glycols, nitrates, phenols, vinyl acetate. Exothermic decomposition with maleic anhydride. Corrodes aluminum, copper, zinc in the presence of moisture. On small fires, use any extinguishing agent. 

An important feature of the utility of bis(trimethylsilyl) hypophosphite in synthesis consists in its capability to undergo addition reactions, and which has been exploited in several ways to provide phosphinic acids which possess carboxy groups these reactions are summarized in Scheme 40 (the structures indicated here represent the final products following the acidolytic removal of trimethylsilyl groups). An equimolar mixture of phenylphosphonous dichloride (PhPCl2) and phenylphosphonous acid (phenylphosphinic acid) behaves as the phosphinic chloride 434, and so adds across carbonyl activated carbon-carbon multiple bonds by virtue of the presence of the P—H bond propenoyl chloride thus affords the acid dichloride 435, which may be hydrolysed to 3-(hydroxyphenylphos-phinoyl)propanoic acid (436). ... 

When, for example, piperazine, ethylene glycol, phosgene, and adipyl dichloride are simultaneously polycondensed, a copolymer with a more or less random distribution of monomeric units is produced. In this case, however, the sequence of monomeric units is still regulated by the fact that a B monomeric unit (carbonic acid or adipic acid) can only be followed by an A monomeric unit (piperazine or ethylene glycol). 

Carbonic acid diethyi ester see Diethyl carbonate Carbonic acid dimethyi ester see Dimethyl carbonate Carbon tetrachloride see Tetrachloromethane Carbon tetrafluoride see Tetrafluoromethane Carbonyi chloride see Carbonyl dichloride Carbonyl dichloride... 

The traditional classification of organic compounds, according to the nature of functional groups and their preparations [1], emphasizes phosgene (the dichloride of carbonic acid) as a carbonic acid derivative. Indeed, the reactivity of phosgene in nucleophilic reactions is best understood by conadering the electronic structure of carbonic acid and the electronic and steric effects of the substituents in its derivatives. 

Acetylene reacts with hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide in presence of RhCl2 as catalyst to give acrylic add chloride [459] whereas with complex Pd-salts mainly succinic acid dichloride [460] and smaller amounts of p-chloropropionyl chloride are formed. When hydrogen chloride is replaced by phosgene, trans, trans-muconic acid dichloride besides fumaric add dichloride is obtained [463]. 

Carbonyl dichloride (CICOCI), a highly toxic compound that is also called phosgene, can be thought of as the diacyl chloride of carbonic acid. Carbonyl dichloride reacts by nucleophilic addition-elimination with two molar equivalents of an alcohol to yield a dialkyl carbonate ... 

Carbon diselenide Carbon disulfide Carbonic acid Carbonic dihydrazide Carbon monoxide Carbonochloridic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester Carbonochloridic acid, (4-nitrophenyl)methyl ester Carbonochloridic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester Carbonothioic dichloride... 

Trade Names Acritamer 941 Carbopoi 941 NF Carbopoi 981 NF Trade Names Containing Carbopoi 971PNF Carbotner, sodium saH. See Sodium carbomer Carbonate of potash. See Potassium carbonate Carbon bichioride Carbon dichloride. See Perchloroethylene Carbonic acid, ammonium saH. See Ammonium carbonate Carbonic acid calcium salt Carbonic acid calcium saH (1 1). See Calcium carbonate... 

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