Carbon tetrachloride, action oxides

Dibromine monoxide, BtjO, is prepared, similar to the corresponding dichlorine compound, by the action of a solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride on yellow mercury(II) oxide ... 

The more reactive fluoroketones also react with reagents prepared by the action of carbon tetrachloride on a tnalkylphosphine to form a vinyl phosphine oxide [id] (equation 29)... 

The action of carbon tetrachloride or a mixture of chlorine with a hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide on the oxide.—H. N. Warren 9 obtained aluminium chloride by heating the oxide to redness with a mixture of petroleum vapour and hydrogen chloride or chlorine, naphthalene chloride or carbon tetrachloride was also used. The bromide was prepared in a similar manner. E. Demarpay used the vapour of carbon tetrachloride, the chlorides of chromium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and molybdenum H. Quantin, a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine and W. Heap and E. Newbery, carbonyl chloride. 

Pyrosulphuryl Chloride, S205C12.—Rose first prepared this substance in 1838 by the interaction of sulphur trioxide and sulphur monochloride.4 It is formed by the action of many chlorides on sulphur trioxide sulphur monochloride,4 thionyl chloride,5 silicon tetrachloride,6 phosphorus pentachloride,7 phosphorus oxychloride,8 sodium chloride 9 and carbon tetrachloride 10 all yield the desired product when treated with sulphur trioxide at a suitable temperature. With sodium chloride a mixture of pyrosulphufyl chloride and sodium pyrosulphate is obtained, whilst with the exception of carbon tetrachloride and phosphorus pentachloride, which are converted into oxychlorides, all the remaining chlorides are changed into oxides ... 

A repetition of the foregoing work by Meyer and Pawletta,4 however, failed to confirm the production of selenium trioxide. According to these investigators, the dissolution of selenium in selenium oxychloride results in the formation of selenious chloride, and the precipitate obtained by the action of ozone is a mixture of this salt with selenium dioxide. Furthermore, substitution of carbon tetrachloride or glacial acetic acid for selenium oxychloride did not lead to the separation of the tri oxide. 

The pentavalent halides and oxyhalides, as in the case of other niobium compounds, are the most stable. It is remarkable that the pentavalency is maintained with increase in the atomic weight of the halogen. All the halogen compounds are characterised by their ready tendency to undergo hydrolysis on the addition of water or even in damp air with precipitation of niobie acid and formation of the hydrogen halide. Their preparation can, therefore, be effected only in the dry way (a) synthetically, or (b) by the action of chlorine, carbon tetrachloride, or sulphur monochloride on the oxide or sulphide. They do not possess saline properties, and cannot be prepared by the action of the halogen acids on the oxide. 

Niobium oxytrichloride is prepared by the action of chlorine on a mixture of niobium pentoxide and carbon, or on the lower oxide, NbO 5 or by the action of the vapours of carbon tetrachloride on the pentoxide. Some niobium pentachloride is produced in the same reaction, and this is removed either by distilling it away at the lowest temperature possible in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, or by subliming the product in a current of chlorine over the ignited oxide.7 The oxychloride has also been prepared by passing the vapours of niobium pentachloride over niobium pentoxide at a red heat.8... 

This reaction does not proceed in carbon tetrachloride solution.10 Retgers 11 stated that the solid hydride resulted when arsine was heated or when the flame of arsine impinged on a cold plate but other observers 12 maintain that arsenic alone is produced. A solid hydrogen-containing product has also been obtained by the action of zinc, in the presence of sulphuric and nitric acids, on arsenious oxide,13 and by the action of arsine on solid potassium hydroxide,14 followed by the addition of water. A good yield (up to 98 per cent.) of the hydride in a comparatively pure state may be obtained by mixing an ether solution of stannous chloride with a solution of arsenic trichloride in dilute hydrochloric acid.15 The reaction is ... 

Because of the relatively recent discovery of hafnium and the great cost of reasonably pure hafnium compounds, fewer authors report attempted syntheses of hafnium tetrachloride than for its congener, zirconium. De Boer and Fast11 report that the action of chlorine and carbon tetrachloride converts hafnium oxide to the tetrachloride. Fischer et al.12 prepared the tetrachloride by chlorinating a mixture of the oxide and carbon. 

Sodium peroxide is employed in the laboratory and in the arts as an oxidizer. With acids it forms addition-products of the type Na202,2HCl, obtained by the action of dry hydrogen chloride on a suspension of the peroxide in carbon tetrachloride. The compound formulated is a white powder, and on treatment with water yields a solution containing 10 per cent, of active oxygen.12... 

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