Carbon-supported platinum catalysts

Bergamaski K, Pinheiro ALN, Teixeira-Neto E, Nart EC. 2006. Nanoparticle size effects on methanol electrochemical oxidation on carbon supported platinum catalysts. J Phys Chem B 110 19271-19279. 

Andreaus B, Maillard F, Kocylo J, Savinova ER, Eikerling M. 2006. Kinetic modeling of CO monolayer oxidation on carbon-supported platinum catalyst nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 110 21028-21040. 

Frelink T, Visscher W, vanVeen JAR. 1995. Particle-size effect of carbon-supported platinum catalysts for the electrooxidation of methanol. J Electroanal Chem 382 65-72. 

To examine the catalyst deterioration under the present superheated liquid-film conditions, a long-term tetralin dehydrogenation over the carbon-supported platinum catalyst (Pt/C) was carried out under the superheated liquid-film conditions (heating temperature 240°C) at the amount ratio of 1.1 g/0.5 mL/min [13]. Figure 13.21 shows the time courses of reaction rate and conversion in the tetralin dehydrogenation. High conversion (around 50%) was maintained for longer than 5 h. 

Time courses of dehydrogenation activities with carbon-supported platinum catalyst under superheated liquid-film conditions in laboratory-scale continuous operation. Catalyst platinum nanoparticles supported on granular activated carbon (Pt/C, 5 wt-metal%), 1.1 g. Feed rate of tetralin 0.5 mL/min (superheated liquid-film conditions). Reaction conditions boiling and refluxing by heating at 240°C and cooling at 25°C. (Reproduced from Hodoshima, Sv Shono, A., Satoh, Kv and Saito, Yv Chem. Eng. Trans8,183-188, 2005. With permission.)... 

Cho, Y. H., Park, H. S., Cho, Y. H., Jung, D. S., Park, H. Y, and Sung, Y. E. Effect of platinum amount in carbon supported platinum catalyst on performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 2007 172 89-93. 

Bo, L. and Quan, X. and Wang, X. and Chen, S. (2008). Preparation and characteristics of carbon-supported platinum catalyst and its application in the removal of phenolic pollutants in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted catalytic oxidation. 

D. Richard, P. Gallezot, in Preparation of Highly Dispersed Carbon Supported Platinum Catalysts, B. Delmon, P. Grange, P.A. Jacobs, G. Poncelet (Eds.), Preparation of catalysts IV, 1987, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 

Yu X, Ye S, (2007). Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC. Part II Degradation mechanism and durability enhancement of carbon supported platinum catalyst. Journal of Power Sources 172 145-154... 

Antolini, E., Formation, microstructural characteristics and stability of carbon supported platinum catalysts for low temperature fuel cells, J. Mater. Sci., 38, 2995, 2003. 

Q.F. Li, H.A. Hjuler, and N.J. Bjerrum. Oxygen reduction on carbon supported platinum catalysts in high temperature polymer electrolytes. Electrochimica Acta, 45, 4219 226 2000. 

Fig. 19. TEM image of (a) a typical carbon support (Vulcan-XC 72) and (b) a carbon-supported platinum catalyst (10% Pt/Vulcan-XC 72). The particle size of platinum crystallites in such catalysts is typically in the range 1.5-2.5 nm.

O Grady and Koningsberger have studied metal-carbon interactions in carbon-supported platinum catalysts in fuel cells and concluded that there are two types of Pt-C interactions. 

Due to the new developments [5] in fuel cell technology—the manufacture of carbon supported platinum catalysts and the use of the Nafion membrane—the cost of bipolar electrolyzers has been reduced a lot, and therefore almost all commercial devices are of this type. In this case, stainless steel or nickel cathodes are used together with nickel anodes in 25%-35% of potassium hydroxide at temperatures between 65°C and 90°C. The hydrogen current density reaches 100-300 mA/cm2 at cell potentials of 1.9-2.2 V, denoting a faradaic efficiency of 80% (losses in peripheries). Usually, a pressurized cell is employed to increase their performance and to reduce the size of the bubbles, thus lowering the overpotential associated with the process. This can be done with appropriate membranes and insulators and by using temperatures near 100°C. 

Serp et al. [39] prepared activated carbon-supported platinum catalysts by chemical vapor deposition of organometallic compounds. They contacted carbon rods with a gas mixture containing He, 3% H2, and a 10 molar ratio of [Pt(CH3)2(COD)] (COD ri" -l,5-cyclooctadiene) for 12 minutes at 383 K and 50 torr. They concluded that preoxidation of the carbon support with HNO3 was a very important factor in obtaining well-dispersed platinum particles, as the oxygen surface complexes acted as anchoring centers for the platinum precursor. 

Antolini E (2(X)3) Fotmatimi, mitaostructural characteristics and stability of carbon supported platinum catalysts fm low tianpta-ature fuel cells. J Mater Sci 38(14) 2995-3005... 

Maillard F, Martin M, Gloaguen F, Leger JM (2002) Oxygen electroreduction on carbon-supported platinum catalysts. Particle-size effect on the tolerance to methanol competition. Electrochim Acta 47 3431-3440... 

In the present article, the size and the loading efficiency of metal particles were investigated by changing the preparation method of carbon-supported platinum catalysts. First, the effect of acid/base treatment on carbon blacks supports on the preparation and electroactivity of platinum catalysts. Secondly, binary carbon-supported platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were prepared using two types of carbon materials such as carbon blacks (CBs) and graphite nanofibers (GNFs) to check the influence of carbon supports on the electroactivity of catalyst electrodes. Lastly, plasma treatment or oxyfluorination treatment effects of carbon supports on the nano structure as well as the electroactivity of the carbon supported platinum catalysts for DMFCs were studied. 

In the present study, the size and the loading efficiency of metal particles were investigated by changing the preparation method of carbon-supported platinum catalysts. Furthermore, acld/base treatment effects of carbon blacks on the nano-structure as well as the electroactivity of the carbon-supported platinum catalysts for DMFCs were studied. 

Gallezot R, Laurain N., Isnard R, Catalytic wet-air oxidation of carboxylic acids on carbon-supported platinum catalysts. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 1996 9 L11-L17. 

Neyerlin et al. [30-32] investigated the ORR kinetics on high-surface-area carbon-supported platinum catalyst Pl/C in an operating PEMFC. By assuming the transfer coefficient a = 1 and using a single Tafel slope, i.e., 70 mV/decade at 80 C, three... 

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