Surface modification carbon nanotubes

Irantzu, L., et ah, Carbon nanotube surface modification with polyelectrolyte brushes endowed with quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles through in situ synthesis. Nanotechnology, 2010. 21(5) p. 055605. 

Chehimi, M. M., J. Pinson, Z. Salmi. Carbon nanotubes Surface modification and applications, in Applied Chemistry of Nanomaterials, M. M. Chehimi, J. Pinson (Eds.), Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 2013, pp. 57-94. 

Nano tubes, in particular SWNTs, are typically held together as bundles, resulting in poor NT dispersion in polymer matrices. Since, due to the relatively smooth graphene Hke surface of NTs, there is a lack of interfacial bonding between polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes, surface modification by chemical means of NTs has been envisaged as a very important factor to overcome this problem and to fadhtate NTs processing and applications [30]. 

Tao, L., Chen, G., Mantovani, G., York, S., Haddleton, D.M., Modification of multi-wall carbon nanotube surfaces with poly(amidoamine) dendrons Synthesis and metal templating Chem. Commun. (2006), 47, 4949-4951. 

Fig. 4 shows an HRTEM overview of the fresh nanotube material. The comparative HRTEM characterization of the fresh and tested catalysts, shown in Fig. 5, indicates that some modifications of the carbon nanotube surface occurred during the reaction (Fig. 5, a and b). Fig. 5, a shows that the walls of the carbon nanotubes before the reaction consisted of two layers, an inner layer formed by conical graphene sheets and a thick outer layer of amorphous carbon parallel to the tube axis. After 20 hours time on stream in the ODH, the stacks of the inner, conical graphene layers can now be recognized well. The thick, outer... 

Tao L, et al. Modification of multi-wall carbon nanotube surfaces with poly(amidoamine) dendrons synthesis and metal templating. Chem Commun 2006 4949-51. 

The covalent methods previously discussed for fullerene modification using cycloaddition reactions also can be applied to carbon nanotubes. This strategy results in chemically linking molecules to the graphene rings on the outer surface of the cylinder, resulting in stable... 

Figure 15.16 Some modification methods that are useful for fullerenes also can be used with carbon nanotubes. The reaction of an N-glycine compound with an aldehyde derivative can result in cycloaddition products, which create pyrrolidine modifications on the nanotube surface.

S. Lefrant, I. Baltog, M. Baibarac, J. Schreiber, and O. Chauver, Modification of surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of nanotube film thickness. Phys. Rev. B 65, 235401.1- 235401.9 (2002). 

In addition to C onions, C atoms condense into various kinds of chemically bonded forms, and they are known to have excellent physical properties depending on the bonding nature. This means that research and applications not only in the materials science but also in other scientific fields are expected. At JAERI, the optimum growth conditions have been successfully obtained for the preparation of high-quality Cgo, diamondlike carbon, and nanocrystalline diamond by means of ion-beam-assisted deposition [80-82]. The susceptibility of Ni/Cgo thin films to thermal treatment, the formation of nanocrystalline diamond and nanotubes due to codeposition of Co and Ceo, and the surface modification of glassy... 

Encapsulation of other material into carbon nanotubes would also open up a possibility for the applications to electrodevices. By applying the template method, perfect encapsulation of other material into carbon nanotubes became possible. No foreign material was observed on the outer surface of carbon nanotubes. The metal-filled uniform carbon nanotubes thus prepared can be regarded as a novel onedimensional composite, which could have a variety of potential applications (e.g novel catalyst for Pt metal-filled nanotubes, and magnetic nanodevice for Fe304-filled nanotubes). Furthermore, the template method enables selective chemical modification of the inner surface of carbon nanotubes. With this technique, carbon... 

Ivanov LV, Chernykh VP, Kartel NT et al (2008) Study of mechanisms of carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity. In Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Surface Modification. Proceedings of ISC, Kiev 34-36... 

An other interesting strategy is the modification of the surface of the electrodes with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [13,32]. The MWNTs are grown on the electrodes covered with a nickel catalyst film by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition and encapsulated in Si02 dielectrics with only the end exposed at the surface to form an inlaid nanoelectrode array [13]. In the other case, commercial SWNTs are deposited on SPE surface by evaporation [32], The carbon nanotubes are functionalised with ssDNA probes by covalent attachment. This kind of modification shows a very efficient hybridisation and, moreover, the carbon nanotubes improve the analytical signal. 

The amine function served also as the starting point for the first covalent linkage of Pcs to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [94], The pipes with open-end and surface-bound acyl chloride moieties were used to prepare the Pc-SWNTs system by amide-bond formation (Fig. 14). Accordingly, statistical reaction of 4-aminophthalonitrile with 4-tcr/-bu(yIph111alonitrile in the presence of zinc ions delivered the monoamino Pc that was then employed in the conjugation with the acid chloride modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here, it should also be mentioned that other functions have been applied to the covalent modification of CNTs, i.e., amide [95], ester [96,97], or click chemistry [98],... 

Provided in this chapter is an overview on the fundamentals of polymer nanocomposites, including structure, properties, and surface treatment of the nanoadditives, design of the modifiers, modification of the nanoadditives and structure of modified nanoadditives, synthesis and struc-ture/morphology of the polymer nanocomposites, and the effect of nanoadditives on thermal and fire performance of the matrix polymers and mechanism. Trends for the study of polymer nanocomposites are also provided. This covers all kinds of inorganic nanoadditives, but the primary focus is on clays (particularly on the silicate clays and the layered double hydroxides) and carbon nanotubes. The reader who needs to have more detailed information and/or a better picture about nanoadditives and their influence on the matrix polymers, particularly on the thermal and fire performance, may peruse some key reviews, books, and papers in this area, which are listed at the end of the chapter. 

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