Carbon nanotubes high-temperature synthesis

The approaches used for preparation of inorganic nanomaterials can be divided into two broad categories solution-phase colloidal synthesis and gas-phase synthesis. Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are usually synthesized via solution-phase colloidal techniques,4,913 whereas high-temperature gas-phase processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and vapor transfer are widely used for synthesis of high-quality semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes.6,7 Such division reflects only the current research bias, as promising routes to metallic nanoparticles are also available based on vapor condensation14 and colloidal syntheses of high-quality semiconductor nanowires.15... 

Motta MS, Moisala A, Kinloch IA, Windle AH. The role of sulphur in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition at high temperatures. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2008 May 8(5) 2442-9. 

The first edition of this book published in 1986 was well received by the chemistry and materials science communities and this resulted in the paperback edition published in 1989. We are most gratified by this warm reception to the book which has been found useful by students and teachers as well as practising solid state chemists and materials scientists. Since we first wrote the book, there have been many new developments in the various aspects of solid state chemistry covering synthesis, structure elucidation, properties, phenomena and reactivity. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates created a great sensation and gave a boost to the study of solid state chemistry. Many new types of materials such as the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have been discovered. We have now revised the book taking into account the new developments so that it reflects the present status of the subject adequately and points to new directions. 

Sugai, T. Yoshida, H. Shimada, T. Okazaki, T. Shinohara, H, New Synthesis of High-Quality Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by High-Temperature Pulsed Arc Discharge. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 769-773,... 

The synthesis processes for the nanotubes have been continuously refined in the recent years and today, a number of methods are available to synthesize both single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These methods include high temperature evaporation using arc-discharge (28-30), laser ablation (31), chemical vapor deposition etc. (32-34). 

Sugai, T., and Yoshida, H. (2003), New synthesis of high-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes by high-temperature pulsed arc discharge, NanoLetters, 3(6), 769-773. 

A catalytic decomposition of carbon feedstock under a controlled environment at high temperature (>900 °C) produces carbon nanotubes. The CVD technique is one of the widely used techniques for the synthesis of both MWNTs and SWNTs. A hydrocarbon feedstock is used as the carbon source that is catalytically decomposed to form reactive carbon vapors. Ethylene and acetylene are used as carbon feedstocks at 550-750 °C in many CVD techniques. There are many different metals that can be used as catalysts to produce... 

Low surface area carbon nanotubes can be efficiently used as a catalyst support for the large scale synthesis of carbon nanofibers under relatively mild synthetic conditions, i.e. < 650 °C. The material obtained has a relatively high surface area (100-250 m /g depending on the synthesis temperature) with a mesoporous distribution. Both high carbon... 

Dozens of methods to synthesize nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods have been reported that can be found in the references included in Table 1. In addition to the most well known ones, such as hot plasmas, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, high temperature solid state and hydrothermal synthesis, fill-ing/coating of carbon nanotubes and similar types of materials, three methods have been developed that enable the synthesis of a wealth of new anisotropic nanoparticles. 

Boron nitride nanotubes have been obtained by striking an electric arc between HfB, electrodes in a N2 atmosphere" BCN and BC nanotubes are obtained by arcing between B/C electrodes in an appropriate atmosphere A greater effort has gone into the synthesis of BN nanotubes starting with different precursor molecules containing B and N. Decomposition of borazine in the presence of transition metal nanoparticles and the decomposition of the I 2 melamine-boric acid addition compound yield BN nanotubes. Reaction of boric acid or B2O, with N2 or NH, at high temperature in the presence of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes or catalytic metal particles has been employed to synthesize BN nanotubes. ... 

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