Carbon nanotube -polymers applications

R. Ramasubramaniam, J. Chen, H. Liu, Homogeneous carbon nanotube/polymer composites for electrical applications, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 83, pp. 2928-2930, 2003. 

Huang, S., Li, L., Yang, Z., Zhang, L., Saiyin, H., Chen, X, Peng, H., 2011. A new and general fabrication of an aligned carbon nanotube/polymer film for electrode applications. Adv. Mater. 23,4707-4710. 

Multifunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes Polymer Composites Properties and Applications... 

Ramasubramaniam R, Chen J, Liu H (2003) Homogeneous carbon nanotube/polymer composites for electrical applications. Appl Phys Lett 83 2928 Sahimi M (1994) Applications of percolation theory. Taylor Francis, London Shante VKS, Kirckpatrick S (1971) An introduction to percolation theory. Adv Phys 30 325 Sherman RD, Middleman LM, Jacobs SM (1983) Electron transport processes in conductor-filled polymers. Polym Sci Eng 23 36... 

Min, B.G., Chae, H.G., Minus, M.L., Kumar, S.,2009. Polymer/carbon nanotube composite fibers— an overview. In Lee, K.-P., Gopalan, A.I., Marquis, F.D.S. (Eds.), Functional Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and Applications. Transworld Research Network, India, pp. 43-73. 

The nitroxide-mediated homopolymerization of AA under its nonprotected form was performed in 1,4-dioxane solution at 120 ° C and was initiated by an SG1 -based alkoxyamine. The results showed a good control over the polymerization and the chain-end structure toward moderate molar mass poly-mers. °° ° When high molar masses were targeted, chain transfer to the solvent and to the polymer had a nonnegligible effect on the structural quality. Those living PAA macroalkoxy-amines found applications in the synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers, either in solution or in aqueous emul-sion. ° ° They were also employed as stabilizers/ compatibilizers of carbon nanotubes/polymer composites. ... 

Electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and po 1 y(3.4-cthy 1 cncdi oxyth iophcnc) (PEDOT) have been applied in supercapacitors, due to their excellent electrochemical properties and lower cost than other ECPs. We demonstrated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in a solid solution are very effective conductivity additives in composite materials based on ECPs. In this paper, we show that a successful application of ECPs in supercapacitor technologies could be possible only in an asymmetric configuration, i.e. with electrodes of different nature. 

The future remains bright for the use of carbon materials in batteries. In the past several years, several new carbon materials have appeared mesophase pitch fibers, expanded graphite and carbon nanotubes. New electrolyte additives for Li-Ion permit the use of low cost PC based electrolytes with natural graphite anodes. Carbon nanotubes are attractive new materials and it appears that they will be available in quantity in the near future. They have a high ratio of the base plane to edge plain found in HOPG. The ultracapacitor application to deposit an electronically conductive polymer on the surface of a carbon nanotube may be the wave of the future. 

Apart from the traditional organic and combinatorial/high-throughput synthesis protocols covered in this book, more recent applications of microwave chemistry include biochemical processes such as high-speed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [2], rapid enzyme-mediated protein mapping [3], and general enzyme-mediated organic transformations (biocatalysis) [4], Furthermore, microwaves have been used in conjunction with electrochemical [5] and photochemical processes [6], and are also heavily employed in polymer chemistry [7] and material science applications [8], such as in the fabrication and modification of carbon nanotubes or nanowires [9]. 

Hur, S. H. Khang, D. Y. Kocabas, C. Rogers, J. A. 2004. Nanotransfer printing by use of noncovalent surface forces Applications to thin-film transistors that use single-walled carbon nanotube networks and semiconducting polymers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 5730-5732. 

Valentini L, Kenny JM (2005). Novel approaches to developing carbon nanotube-based polymer composites fundamental studies and nanotech applications. Polymer 46 6715-6718. 

G. Beyer, Filler blend of carbon nanotubes and organoclays with improved char as new flame retardant system for polymers and cable applications, Fire and Materials, vol. 29, pp. 61-69, 2005. 

McNally T, Potschke P. Polymer-carbon nanotube composites Preparation, properties and applications. 1st ed. Cambridge Woodhead Publishing Limited 2011. 

For applications where only mechanical properties are relevant, it is often sufficient to use resins for the filling and we end up with carbon-reinforced polymer structures. Such materials [23] can be soft, like the family of poly-butadiene materials leading to rubber or tires. The transport properties of the carbon fibers lead to some limited improvement of the transport properties of the polymer. If carbon nanotubes with their extensive propensity of percolation are used [24], then a compromise between mechanical reinforcement and improvement of electrical and thermal stability is possible provided one solves the severe challenge of homogeneous mixing of binder and filler phases. For the macroscopic carbon fibers this is less of a problem, in particular when advanced techniques of vacuum infiltration of the fluid resin precursor and suitable chemical functionalization of the carbon fiber are applied. 

Carbon is unique among chemical elements since it exists in different forms and microtextures transforming it into a very attractive material that is widely used in a broad range of electrochemical applications. Carbon exists in various allotropic forms due to its valency, with the most well-known being carbon black, diamond, fullerenes, graphene and carbon nanotubes. This review is divided into four sections. In the first two sections the structure, electronic and electrochemical properties of carbon are presented along with their applications. The last two sections deal with the use of carbon in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) as catalyst support and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential applications in fields such as molecular electronics , conductive polymers , and energy storage. " - - ... 

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