Carbon nano-network

Negro E, MonteverdeVidela AHA, BagUo V, Arico AS, Specchia S, Koper GJM (2015) Fe-N supported on graphitic carbon nano-networks grown from cobalt as oxygen reduction catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells. Appl Catal B Environ 166-167 75-83... 

The 0-d nanoparticles can be nano-metal oxides (such as silica,1 titania,2 alumina3), nano-metal carbide,4 and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS),5 to name just a few the 1-d nanofibers can be carbon nanofiber,6 and carbon nanotubes (CNT),7 which could be single-wall CNTs (SWCNT) or multiwall CNTs (MWCNT) etc. the 2-d nano-layers include, but are not limited to, layered silicates,8 layered double hydroxides (LDH),9 layered zirconium phosphate,10 and layered titanates,11 etc. 3-d nano-networks are rarely used and thus examples are not provided here. 

Martin, C.A., Sandler, J.K.W., Windle, A.H. et al. 2005. Electric field-induced ahgned multi-wall carbon nano tube networks in epoxy composites. Polymer AC. 877-886. 

Roberts, M. E., LeMieux, M. C. and Bao, Z. (2009), Sorted and aligned single-walled carbon nanotube networks for transistor-based aqueous chemical sensors , ACS Nano, 3,3287-93. 

Chen, Z., To, J.W.F., Wang, C., Lu, Z.D., Liu, N., Chortos, A., Pan, L.J., Wei, E, Cui, Y., Bao, Z.N., 2014c. A Three-dimensionally interconnected carbon nano tube-conducting polymer hydrogel network for high-performance flexible battery electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 4,1400207. 

Figure 6.7 Upper SEM surface images of (A) 2D silica colloid-carbon nanotube complex crystals, and (B) the carbon nano tube network morphology after removing the colloidal particles lower transmittance and resistivity tuning using the controlled colloidal templates.

Derycke, V., Martel, R., Radosavljevic, M., Ross, F.M., and Avouris, P. (2002) Catalyst-free growth of ordered single-walled carbon nanotube networks. Nano Lett., 2, 1043-1046. 

Carbon nano tubes were discovered in 1991 and consist of elongated cages, best thought of as rolled graphene sheets. In contrast to the fuUerenes, nanombes consist of networks of fused 6-membered rings. Nanotubes are very flexible and are of importance in materials science. The end-of-chapter reading provides an entry into the area, and nanotubes are described in detail in Section 28.9. 

The network can be considered as a new member in the family of nano-structured (terminology of authors) carbons. Its channel width is 1.5-2.0 nm, comparable to the width of single-wall carbon nanotubes, but instead of forming an assembly of freestanding tubes or bundle of tubes, the channels are embedded in a solid and are interconnected (the authors are essentially describing a microporous carbon). The network is of multiple interest (i) Its... 

Hu, L., Hecht, D., Griiner, G., 2004. Percolation in transparent and conducting carbon nanotube networks. Nano Letters 4, 2513—2517. 

Li, E. Y. and Marzari, N. 2011. Improving the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube networks A first-principles study. ACS Nano 5 9726-9736. 

Hollow carbon nanostructures are exciting new systems for research and for the design of potential nano-electronic devices. Their atomic structures are closely related to their outer shapes and are described by hex-agonal/pentagonal network configttrations. The surfaces of such structures are atomically smooth and perfect. The most prominent of these objects are ftil-lerenes and nanotubesjl]. Other such novel structures are carbon onions[2] and nanocones[3]. 

D-TEM gave 3D images of nano-filler dispersion in NR, which clearly indicated aggregates and agglomerates of carbon black leading to a kind of network structure in NR vulcanizates. That is, filled rubbers may have double networks, one of rubber by covalent bonding and the other of nanofiller by physical interaction. The revealed 3D network structure was in conformity with many physical properties, e.g., percolation behavior of electron conductivity. 

The morphology of the agglomerates has been problematic, although some forms of network-like structures have been assumed on the basis of percolation behavior of conductivity and some mechanical properties, e.g., the Payne effect. These network stmctures are assumed to be determining the electrical and mechanical properties of the carbon-black-filled vulcanizates. In tire industries also, it plays an important role for the macroscopic properties of soft nano-composites, e.g., tear. 

Correa-Duarte MA, Wagner N, Rojas-Chapana J, Morsczeck C, Thie M, Giersig M (2004). Fabrication and biocompatibility of carbon nanotube-based 3D networks as scaffolds for cell seeding and growth. Nano Lett. 4 2233-2236. 

Haick H, Hakim M, Patrascu M et al (2009) Sniffing chronic renal failure in rat model by an array of random networks of single-waUed carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 3(5) 1258-1266... 

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