Carbon monoxide detonations

Equation (26) can be easily transformed to Eq. (25) by disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide. It is quite interesting that the products of reaction (25) have been labeled as carbon monoxide detonating gas more than 70 years ago 24). This emphasizes also the analogy of splitting water (Eq. 7) and carbon dioxide (Eq. 25). 

J.M. Austin, J.E. Shepherd, Carbon monoxide detonations, in CD-ROM Proceeding of 17th ICDERS, Paper ISi- 79, Heidelberg, 1999... 

The same oxide detonates in the presence of boron and forms an explosive mixture with carbon monoxide or pure hydrogen. 

The carbon monoxide/fluorine mixture can detonate spontaneously. If oxygen is present and the temperature is greater than 30°C, the explosion is instantaneous. It is attributed to the formation of the following unstable substance ... 

It also detonates in the presence of phosphorus, sulphur and carbon monoxide. With a chlorine/phosphorus pentachloride mixture the resulting detonation was explained by the hypothetical formation of chlorine monoxide. 

When it was heated at 150°C with carbon monoxide, the mixture detonated violently. It was assumed that the accident was due to the formation of unstable iron pentycarboxyl. 

ZhFizKhim 5, 1459(1934) (Detonation in gaseous mixtures. Variation of the detonation wave velocity with pressure) 6) M.A. Rivin A.S. Sokolik, ZhFizKhim 7, 571 (1936) (The explosion limits of gaseous mixtures. Expln limits of hydrogen-air mixtures) 7) Ibid, 8, 767(1936) (Expln limits in carbon monoxide-methane mixts)... 

DETONATION SPIN (SPINNING OR HELI-COIDAL DETONATION). Accdg to Zel -dovich Kompaneets (Ref 20), Campbell 8t Woodhead (Ref 1) investigating deton in mixts of carbon monoxide and oxygen obtd photographs in which the wave front was represented by a wavy line with which a system of horizontal bands was associated in the region of a cross section of the reaction products (See Fig). Each wave in the picture of the front corresponded to a band in the cross sectional region of the reaction products. A detonation of this... 

RR) E-J. Murphy, "Comparison of Methods for Detecting and Analyzing Fumes from Explosives , USBurMines R1 51133(1961). A comparative study of several analytical methods for determining carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in toxic gases produced by detonation of explosives... 

However, under the very high pressures prevailing during detonation, the carbon monoxide decomposes in part into carbon dioxide and carbon. Aluminium reacts with carbon dioxide according to eqn. (1) and with water according to eqn. (3) ... 

The other advantage of oxyliquits lies in their safety during transport the explosives are manufactured on the spot, just before the use. One of their most serious drawbacks, as mentioned before, lies in the fact that an explosive which has lost too much oxygen, may give rise to a considerable amount of toxic carbon monoxide on detonation. 

The detonation of HMX (C4H8N808) will result in the formation of its decomposition products. These may be carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon, water, etc., as shown in Reaction 5.3. 

According to Thorpe(Ref 4), glycine nitrate is a powerful expl resembling PA in its props. On deton, it evolves a considerable amt of toxic carbon monoxide, as is shown by the equation -... 

Toumay, Murphy, Damon and Van Dolah [41] examined the fumes produced by the detonation of ammonium nitrate-fuel mixtures. They came to the conclusion that carbon monoxide formation is within the allowed limits. However, the concentration of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide is much higher than in typical dynamite compositions. On the ground of these experiments they expressed the view that ammonium nitrate-fuel compositions should not be recommended for underground blasting. 

Blown out or Burned Shots If dynamites(or other expls) are not properly detonated, they burn slowly and incompletely in the borehole, resulting in so-called blown-out shots. Such shots are accompanied by the evolution of poisonous gases, such as nitrogen oxides, acrolein carbon monoxide, which are very undesirable in underground mines. 

Calculation of the detonation velocity of the mixture C2N2 + 02 is related to the calculation of the dissociation of carbon monoxide with the formation of a free carbon atom. The chemical constants of the substances which participate in the reaction (CO, C, 0, 02) are sufficiently well known. However, there still exists great uncertainty about the magnitude of the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide, and discussion continues even now. The magnitude of the dissociation heat of carbon monoxide is also of much interest because it is related by simple thermochemical relations to the evaporation heat of carbon and to the energy necessary to break up any organic molecules into their component atoms. 

TNT detonation products vary with the degree of confinement (Ref 69), as shown in Table 8 It is apparent that increasing confinement shifts the formation of carbon monoxide to that of solid carbon, and the formation of hydrogen gas to that of water. The degree of conversion of the nitrogen atoms to elemental nitrogen remains consistent regardless of conditions... 

It must always be assumed that explosive fumes and propellant fumes are to some extent toxic. Excess oxygen causes the formation of nitrogen oxides, deficiency carbon monoxide, both toxic. In the United States, the following classification of toxic fume components has been accepted a 1 -1/4 by 8" cartridge in its cartridge paper is detonated in a -> Bichel Bomb, and the fume composition is gas analysed. In the following Table toxic gases means the sum CO + H2S (NO and N02 are not considered ) in ft3/lb explosive ... 

Fuhninic acid, C=N H C=N-OH, is a divalent carbon derivative hke carbon monoxide it is formally an oxime of carbon monoxide. Free fuhninic acid is unstable, but the explosive mercury salt, which is used as a detonator, is obtained by treatment of elemental mercury with a mixture of ethanol and lutric acid. The fulminate ion, C=N-0, like carbon monoxide and cyanide ion, functions as a strong-field... 

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