Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures

Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures (ANFO) and ammonium nitrate-base water gels marked... 

In actual field use explosion product fumes can be hazardous, eg Ammonium Nitrate-fuel oil mixtures (ANFO) are not recommended for underground blasting because they produce toxic fumes (Ref 3). Highly toxic NO is often found in explosion fumes. The oxidation of NO to the less dangerous N02 was found to be less rapid under mining conditions than was previously believed (Ref 4)... 

Figure 169 gives an idea of the apparatus which seemed to be in use at Bingham Mine, Utah. It permits charging horizontal, skew and vertical shotholes with an ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture. Ammonium nitrate (45.4 kg) is placed in the vessel. Fuel oil (3.78 1.) is introduced from a measuring tank. The ammonium nitrate and fuel oil are moved by compressed air (2.6 and 1.9 atm respectively). Mixing occurs in the lower part of the vessel and immediately afterwards the mixture is fed into the shothole. 

A portion of the mining in New Mexico is conducted by conventional mining methods, that is, a cycle of undercutting, drilling, and blasting with an ammonium nitrate—fuel oil mixture and loaders, use of shutde cars, and belt haulage. Such conventional methods are used, although not exclusively, in the... 

The simplest and most widely used ammonium nitrate explosive is the ammonium nitrate/fuel oil mixture (ANFO). This material has long been a staple for miners and quarry workers because it is very cheap, and because the low rate of detonation characteristic to it produces a breaking and heaving effect upon the rock in which it is placed. They prefer this result over the great masses of pulverized rock which would be produced had a more brisant explosive been used. 

Analysis of nitrating acids 200 AN-FO — Ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixtures (explosives) 530-531, 538. 562-567 (III 4 2-484, 508-510) increasing the detonation ability of. by surfactants addition 530 possible use for underground work 53(> rate of detonation as a function of borehole diameter 530-531 Aniline, nitrodcrivatives of 194 (I 556) AnoF 563.566 Arcitc 611... 

AMMONIUM NITRATE - FUEL OIL MIXTURE (containing only prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil)... 

---