Carbon monoxide anemia

Cardiogenic/distributive/obstructive/hypovolemic shock, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe hypoxemia, severe anemia, and seizures... 

Non-cardiac Anemia, anxiety disorders, carbon monoxide poisoning, cocaine use, esophageal reflux, peptic ulcer, pleuritis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, thyrotoxicosis... 

Describe the effects of carbon dioxide, pH, temperature, 2,3-bispho-sphoglycerate, anemia, and carbon monoxide poisoning on the transport of oxygen... 

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated in incomplete combustion processes. In households the main sources are all kinds of fuel burners (fuel oil, wood, natural gas, coal etc.) and automotive exhaust gas. Carbon monoxide is an odorless and invisible gas, and, due to its affinity to hemoglobin, which is higher than that of oxygen, it reduces the blood s capacity to carry oxygen. Hence it is toxic, especially for unborn and small children as well as for the elderly or people with heart problems or anemia. Even small amounts of CO can be harmful. Tab. 5.6 gives an overview of the relation between CO concentration and the corresponding symptoms of intoxication. 

Fig 5 Effects of carbon monoxide on human beings This chad can be considered only as a general guide because the percent of CO blood saturation will vary with exertion, excitement, fear, depth of respiration, anemia, and general physical condition of the individual... 

Constriction of blood vessels, arrhythmia, and even aplastic anemia, caused by ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride, and benzene, respectively, are circulatory system diseases that result from misuse of these chemical substances. Methylene chloride, a paint solvent, reacts in the body to produce carbon monoxide, which replaces oxygen in the hemoglobin molecule. This can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be fatal. 

Some inhalants show toxicity to blood and bone marrow. Benzene is a solvent that is very toxic to bone marrow. It can cause leukemia and severe anemia. Nitrous oxide does damage to bone marrow in chronic users. Another chemical in inhalants, methylene chloride, is converted to carbon monoxide in the body. Carbon monoxide can prevent the transport of oxygen in the blood and result in brain damage. 

The spectrophotometric methods generally compare favorably with gas chromatographic procedures at carboxy-hemoglobm concentrations greater than 2% to 3%, but their precision is poor below these levels. Therefore, they are sufficiently accurate and precise for measurement of carbon monoxide after exogenous exposure but are too insensitive to detect the increased endogenous production of carbon monoxide that occurs in hemolytic anemias. 

Cyanosis, anemia, inunune function, depression Carbon monoxide, cyanide Chemicals which damage the pulmonary function... 

Tumor-associated or therapy-induced anemia can lead to a reduced O2 transport capacity of the blood, a major (systemic) factor contributing to the development of hypoxia (anemic hypoxia). This type of hypoxia is especially pronounced in tumors or tumor areas exhibiting low perfusion rates. A. similar condition can be caused by carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) formation in heavy smokers, which leads to a functional anemia, since hemoglobin blocked by carbon monoxide (CO) is no longer capable of transporting oxygen. 

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