Carbon emissions reduction Kyoto Protocol

The Canadian government believes that carbon gas storage will help the country meet its emissions reduction targets under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It requires industrialized nations to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% between 2008 and 2012. 

In Bolin s (1999) opinion, to assess the socio-economic consequences of implementing the measures for GHG emission reduction recommended by the Kyoto Protocol, of great importance is the development of integral models representing a combination of the models of climate, carbon cycle, energy development, and socioeconomic development, which will require much time and effort. 

Under the terms of the Kyoto Protocol a Party to it, i.e. a country, can in addition to undertaking emission cuts on its own territory outsource some reductions to other countries and gain credit in the form of various carbon currencies, most prominently certified emission reduction units (CERs) in the context of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), emission reduction units (ERUs) in the context of Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) in the context of International Emission Trading. 

Any reservoir that takes up carbon released from some other part of the carbon cycle for example, the atmosphere, oceans and forests are major carbon sinks because much of the C02 produced elsewhere on the Earth ends up in these bodies Combined cycle gas turbine Clean Development Mechanism in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, the parties established the CDM for the purposes of assisting developing countries in achieving sustainable development and helping Annex I parties meet their emissions targets carbon currency certified emission reduction units (CERs)... 

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Implementation GHG mitigation projects between developed countries as defined in Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol carbon currency emission reduction units (ERUs)... 

Thus, the current situation is characterized both by deep controversies over fundamental issues and by the possibility that important nations may have difficulties in meeting their reduction targets. It appears problematic, therefore, whether the Kyoto Protocol can become binding international law in its present form. For the protocol to come into force, it must be ratified by at least 55 nations, including Annex I countries that together accounted for at least 55% of total Annex I carbon dioxide emissions in 1990 (Article 25). As mentioned earlier, only about 30 countries—none of them in Annex I— have ratified as yet. 

Use of the electric arc furnace not only reduces the need for raw iron ore, limestone and coke. It also reduces the emissions of CO2, one of the greenhouse gases targeted by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, through which most industrialized countries have agreed to limit their output of CO2, CH4, N2O, SFe, hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs) and perfluoro-carbons (PFCs). The 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which runs until the end of 2012, aims to reduce emissions of these gases so that in the period 2008 2012, levels are 5% lower than those in 1990 this eorresponds to a 29% reduction compared with emission levels projected for 2010 if the protocol were not in place. Regulations to succeed the Kyoto protocol are not as yet (2011) in place. 

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