Carbon emissions reduction

Worrell, E. Martin, N. and Price, L. (1999). Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emission Reduction Opponumties in the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry. Berkeley, CA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 

The carbon emission reduction of the two considered storage options is calculated with reference to a conventional gas turbine or gas and steam turbine. The result is shown in Fig. 16.6. The emission reduction refers to 1 kWh surplus wind electricity. The black bars reflect the reference emissions of the conventional gas turbine (GT) and gas-steam turbines (GST). The other bars show the figures for the CAES and the hydrogen paths. The emissions that occur during the storage paths are marked in grey the emission reduction is visualised in grey and white stripes. 

Figure 16.6. Carbon emission reduction for 1 kWh stored and re-electrified wind electricity for CAES and hydrogen storage options (Wietschel et al., 2006).

Automotive paths It has been shown that hydrogen as a storage option for surplus wind electricity has no advantages neither with respect to carbon emission reduction... 

Figure 16.8. Carbon emission reduction by using hydrogen from surplus wind electricity in the automotive sector.

Compared with the previous results - the carbon emission reduction by storing and re-electrifying surplus wind electricity, it can be seen that the highest carbon emission... 

Figure 16.9. Carbon emission reduction per kWh surplus wind electricity used in the stationary and automotive sectors.

The calculations of the carbon emission reduction are based on the deviation from the reference-system gasoline in a combustion engine. If reference systems with higher efficiencies are applied, e.g., hybrid-electric vehicles, the total carbon emission reduction of the hydrogen path is lower. In this case, a modern CAES power plant might have benefits. 

The United States Department of Energy (DoE) projects that total world energy consumption will increase by 59% between 1999 and 2020 and predicts a 20% increase in carbon dioxide emissions1. At the same time, different governmental entities around the globe have set targets on Carbon emission reduction. 

A survey measurement of the total carbon emission over the full foundry process is given in Figure 4.9. The data show that the vegetable-based solvents partially result in a shift of emissions from the core-making area to the finishing area. Nevertheless an overall reduction of 17 % carbon emission reduction is reached. 

Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Han, J., Mcguire, M. Deutz, R, 2012. Using game theory to describe strategy selection for environmental risk and carbon emissions reduction in the green supply chain. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 25(6) 927-936. 

Pielke, R., Jr. (2009b). Mamizu climate policy An evaluation of Japanese carbon emissions reduction targets. Environmental Research Letters, 4(4), 044001. 

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