Carbon Disulphide volatility

Carbon disulphide is a volatile, evil-smelling liquid, although if carefully purified, the unpleasant smell is removed, as it is due to impurity. The vapour is inflammable and can form explosive mixtures in air ... 

To the cold acid chloride add 175 ml. of pure carbon disulphide, cool in ice, add 30 g, of powdered anhydrous aluminium chloride in one lot, and immediately attach a reflux condenser. When the evolution of hydrogen chloride ceases (about 5 minutes), slowly warm the mixture to the boiling point on a water bath. Reflux for 10 minutes with frequent shaking the reaction is then complete. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°, and decompose the aluminium complex by the cautious addition, with shaking, of 100 g. of crushed ice. Then add 25 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, transfer to a 2 htre round-bottomed flask and steam distil, preferably in the apparatus, depicted in Fig. II, 41, 3 since the a-tetralone is only moderately volatile in steam. The carbon disulphide passes over first, then there is a definite break in the distillation, after whieh the a-tetralone distils completely in about 2 htres of distillate. 

In order to characterise the components further, mass spectral analysis was carried out. When head space volatiles from undigested cow slurry were analysed on a non-polar column the results (Figure 5) demonstrated the presence of several sulphur containing compounds—methanethiol, carbon disulphide, dimethyl sulphide, 2-propanethiol,... 

Fig 7. Trace of sulphur containing volatiles in pig slurry headspace, a hydrogen sulphide b carbon disulphide c dimethyl sulphide d dimethyl disulphide... 

The solvent must not be inconveniently volatile or too highly flammable. (These are reasons why ethyl ether and carbon disulphide are not commonly used in this way.)... 

Cyanogen Trisulphide, (CN)2S3 or (CN)6S .—The non-volatile residue which is formed when silver cyanide acts on sulphur chloride constitutes cyanogen trisulphide. It is a dark yellow crystalline powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, carbon disulphide and chloroform. It is unattacked by hydrochloric acid and is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. It is transformed into carbon dioxide and sulphuric acid by nitric acid or aqua regia. When distilled, the products are carbon disulphide, sulphur and tricyanuramide, N8(C3N3)3.1... 

Non-volatile Matter. — On evaporating 50 cc. of carbon disulphide on the water-bath, no weighable residue should remain. ... 

Arsenic-bearing ores or materials may be mixed with carbonaceous material and ignited in a current of air under low pressure in order to volatilise the arsenious oxide.4 Other methods of de-arsenising depend on converting the element into volatile sulphide 3 or, in the case of metals, into some compound, such as calcium arsenide, insoluble in the molten metal 6 or again, finely ground ores may be agitated with carbon disulphide until the arsenic compounds are dissolved.7... 

At 25° C. 100 grams of glycerol very slowly dissolve 20-8 grams of the oxide.8 In ethyl malonate the solubility in 100 g. is 0-058 g. at 15° C. and 0-061 g. at 100° C.9 Arsenious oxide is volatile in ethyl malonate vapour, 0-09 g. having been observed to be carried over during the distillation of 100 g. of the ester. The oxide dissolves in -warm ethylene glycol, but no definite chemical compound is obtainable from the solution.10 The -vitreous form dissolves slightly in ether, carbon disulphide, fatty oils and turpentine. 

Thiocarbonates.—The sulphocarbonates, or thiocar-bonates (from the Greek tbeion, sulphur) form a class of salts analogous to the carbonates, both in their formulae and in the method of their preparation. Carbon disulphide, a volatile liquid, boiling at 46°, possessing a disagreeable smell, is produced when sulphur vapour is led over charcoal... 

Byman (1977) detected volatile sulphur species in the headspace gas over sulphides oxidising in vitro. The major gases detected were, initially, carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide. As the experiments continued dimethyl sulphide, (CH,)2S was detected, presumably as the result of bacterial action. 

Rate of Distillation.—The distilling flask should be heated in such a way that the distillate falls in drops from the end of the condenser at the rate of about one drop per second. Care should be taken to avoid the rapid distillation of very volatile, inflammable liquids, such as ether, alcohol, and carbon disulphide. If such liquids are distilled very rapidly, a part of the vapor is not condensed, and a fire may result when this vapor comes in contact with a near-by flame. In order to prevent accidents the method of collecting such liquids which is described in 34, page 23, should be used. 

Acetonitrile is frequently used for the desorption of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydra-zones of carbonyl compounds collected on silica gel [39,40,59], while CS2 is used for samples collected onto charcoal and dichloromethane for samples collected onto Anasorb 747 [59]. Carbon disulphide is particularly suitable for the desorption of nonpolar compounds but gives less satisfactory outcomes for the polar compounds. To overcome this shortcoming, polar cosolvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and ethanol are added to CS, to increase the recovery of polar analytes [36]. In addition, the use of CS2 suffers from a number of other drawbacks, including the facts that (1) it reacts with amines and volatile chlorocarbons (2) it is unsuitable when electron detectors (e.g. electron capture detectors, ECDs) are used, (3) it is toxic and (4) has an unpleasant odour [36]. 

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