Carbon disulfide, compound with

Carbon dioxide, reduction of content of, in preparation of cyanogen, 5 44n. removal of, from commercial carbon monoxide, 6 157ra. Carbon disulfide, compound with tri-n-butylphosphine, 6 90 Carbon monoxide, 2 81 carbon dioxide removal from commercial, 6 157n. 

Hydrazine as Nucleophile. Reaction of hydrazine and carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide gives, respectively, hydrazinecarboxyhc acid [471-31-8], NH2NHCOOH, and hydrazinecarbodithioic acid [471-32-9], NH2NHCSSH, in the form of the hydrazinium salts. These compounds are useful starting materials for further synthesis. For example, if carbon disulfide reacts with hydrazine in basic medium with an alkyl haUde, an alkyl dithiocarbazate ester is obtained in a one-step reaction ... 

Indeed, on heating with stannic, ferric, or antimonic chlorides in carbon disulfide, compounds 65 (R = H, Cl, or Ph R =H or Ph) afforded crystalline pyrylium salts (66) with an easily hydrolyzable... 

The hydroxyl groups of the cellulose appear to be somewhat acidic. While studies of the composition of alkali cellulose and adsorption of sodium hydroxide have not clearly proved the presence of any sodium compound in alkali cellulose, the reactions of alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide and with etherifying agents would seem to justify the assumption that such an intermediate exists or that the hydroxyl hydrogen at least ionizes. This view is strengthened by the fact that the rate of etherification is proportional to a high power of the concentration of alkali.19... 

Amino groups react very easily with aldehydes or ketones, and with aldehydes in the presence of amines, they can be acylated by the usual acylating agents, and they react with amidacetals, Vilsmeier reagents and nitroso compounds (Scheme 12). As mentioned earlier, alkylation leads mainly to AT(2)-alkylated products. The hydrazino group reacts in the same way as the amino group with aldehydes or ketones, with acyl chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides, with sulfonyl chlorides, ortho esters, carbon disulfide and with nitrous acid. The last three reactions have mainly been used for the synthesis of condensed 1,2,4-triazines. 

The most generally useful reactions of organomagnesium compounds with thiocarbonyl compounds are those with carbon disulfide and with isothiocyanates. The former can be used to prepare a variety of compounds by further reactions of the dithiocarboxylate initially formed, and the latter is a good general method for synthesizing thioamides ... 

Thiocarbonyl (see Thiocarbonyl) compounds react rapidly with iron carbonyls, but only in a few cases are mononuclear )] -C=S complexes reahzed. Most of the work in this area has resulted from the discovery that carbon disulfide reacts with iron carbonyl transfer agents, in the presence of phosphines or phosphites, to give complexes (127). In several of these cases, it is possible to exchange one or both of the phosphine/phosphite ligands in high yield. 

Carbon disulfide interacts with several organophosphorus compounds including the insecticides malathion and parathion. Metabolism of malathion and parathion requires cytochrome P-450 and is thus inhibited by carbon disulfide (Dalvi and Howell 1978). It is important to note that carbon disulfide would potentiate the toxic effect of compounds that require cytochrome P-450 microsomal metabolism for detoxification. 

According to Wine et al. (1981), electronically excited carbon disulfide is rapidly produced in the troposphere from absorption of solar photons. This excited carbon disulfide reacts with oxygen on a time scale of 1-2 weeks to yield carbonyl sulfide, the predominant sulfur-containing compound in the... 

Incompatible with strong oxidizers acids, water (slowly decomposes, forming amine and carbon disulfide). Reaction with nitrosating compounds (i.e., nitrogen oxides, nitrosyl chloride, nitrite esters, metal nitrates and nitroso compounds, etc.) can cause the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosodiethylamine. 

Shortly after the JoHot-Curies discovery, Hevesy irradiated 10 liters of carbon disulfide (CS2) with neutrons and produced radio-phosphorus ( P), in a form readily extracted with dilute nitric acid or water (the remainder of the CS2 is recycled). Radio-phosphorus was administered to rats and its uptake in bones and tissues analyzed. Hevesy s later research involved studying the formation and decomposition of glucose-6-phosphate, ATP, and other compounds vital for understanding intermediary metabolism. 

Without carbon, the basis for life would be impossible. While it has been thought that silicon might take the place of carbon in forming a host of similar compounds, it is now not possible to form stable compounds with very long chains of silicon atoms. The atmosphere of Mars contains 96.2% CO2. Some of the most important compounds of carbon are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon disulfide (CS2), chloroform (CHCb), carbon tetrachloride (CCk), methane (CHr), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), benzene (CeHe), acetic acid (CHsCOOH), and their derivatives. 

Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid, volatizing at ordinary temperatures into a blue-violet gas with an irritating odor it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form beautiful purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. 

A further consequence of association of acylating agents with basic compounds is an increase in the bulk of the reagent, and greater resistance to attack at the more stericaHy hindered positions of aromatic compounds. Thus acylation of chrysene and phenanthrene in nitrobenzene or in carbon disulfide occurs to a considerable extent in an outer ring, whereas acylation of naphthalene leads to extensive reaction at the less reactive but stericaky less hindered 2-position. 

Synthesis from Thiohydantoins. A modification (71) of the Bucherer-Bergs reaction consisting of treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with carbon disulfide, ammonium chloride, and sodium cyanide affords 2,4-dithiohydantoias (19). 4-Thiohydantoias (20) are available from reaction of amino nitriles with carbon disulfide (72). Compounds (19) and (20) can be transformed iato hydantoias. 

Chemica.1 Properties. Reviews of carbonyl sulfide chemistry are available (18,23,24). Carbonyl sulfide is a stable compound and can be stored under pressure ia steel cylinders as compressed gas ia equiUbrium with Hquid. At ca 600°C carbonyl sulfide disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide at ca 900°C it dissociates to carbon monoxide and sulfur. It bums with a blue flame to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbonyl sulfide reacts... 

Manufacture. Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride is made commercially by chlorination of carbon disulfide with the careful exclusion of iron or other metals, which cataly2e the chlorinolysis of the C—S bond to produce carbon tetrachloride. Various catalysts, notably iodine and activated carbon, are effective. The product is purified by fractional distillation to a minimum purity of 95%. Continuous processes have been described wherein carbon disulfide chlorination takes place on a granular charcoal column (59,60). A series of patents describes means for yield improvement by chlorination in the presence of dihinctional carbonyl compounds, phosphonates, phosphonites, phosphites, phosphates, or lead acetate (61). 

Titanium carbide may also be made by the reaction at high temperature of titanium with carbon titanium tetrachloride with organic compounds such as methane, chloroform, or poly(vinyl chloride) titanium disulfide [12039-13-3] with carbon organotitanates with carbon precursor polymers (31) and titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Much of this work is directed toward the production of ultrafine (<1 jim) powders. The reaction of titanium tetrachloride with a hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixture at ca 1000°C is used for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin carbide films used in wear-resistant coatings. 

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