Carbon dioxide hexadecane

After this review was submitted, we also have completed a more detailed account of the Monte Carlo simulations of the carbon dioxide-hexadecane mixture [323]. 

Figure 6.7 Plot of log k against l/T for hexadecane at constant pressure and constant density with carbon dioxide as the nobile phase.

Several researchers have measured the absorption rate at the presence of dispersed organic phase [1,17-18,37,39,49,51-53]. Bruining et al. [37] measured the oxygen absorption in stirred vessels with plane interface in the presence of small amounts of decane, hexadecane, c = 0.01 - 0.1 while van Ede et al. [49] applied octene as a dispersed phase. Littel et al.[39] used carbon dioxide for absorption in dispersion of toluene droplets with c = 0 - 0.4. The theoretical data in the literature were mostly verified by the experimental results of the above... 

D Souza, R., J.R. Patrick, and A.S. Teja. 1988. High pressure phase equilibria in the carbon dioxide - n-hexadecane and carbon dioxide - water systems. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 66 319-323. 

Figure 9.10 Emulsion switching for a hexadecane-water 2 1 (v/v) mixture containing switchable surfactant, after carbon dioxide treatment and 10 min shaking and (A) 5 min wait period, (B) 30 min wait period and (C) 24 h wait period. (D) After subsequent treatment with argon to turn off emulsification. [Reprinted with permission from Science 2006, 313, 958-960. Copyright 2006 American Association for the Advancement of Science.]...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is represented by a single Lennard-Jones bead the interactions between C02-beads are adjusted to reproduce the experimental critical point. A modified Lorentz-Berthelot mixing rule is used to describe the interactions between hexadecane and CO2 beads [82,83] ... 

Fig. 16. Projection of the global phase diagram for a compressible mixture of hexadecane, C16H34, and carbon dioxide, CO2, into the temperature-pressure plane for two values of the mixing parameter, = 1 square) and = 0.886 triangle). Simulation results for the liquid-vapor coexistence of the pure components are shown by solid lines and end in critical points that are indicated by arrows. The line of critical points that emerges from the critical point of the less volatile polymer component is indicated by symbols. Prom Virnau et al. [40]...

T. Charoensombut-Amon, R. J. Martin, and R. Kobayashi (1986) Application of a generalized multiproperty apparatus to measure phase-equilibrium and vapor-phase densities of supercritical carbon-dioxide in normal-hexadecane systems up to 26 mpa. Fluid Phase Equilibria 31, pp. 89-104... 

B) a mixture of carbon dioxide with helium (1 10) with selective removal of the carbon dioxide in an alkali reactor. A chromatographic column (400 x 0.4 cm l.D.) packed with 25% of hexadecane on Sterchamol was used for separation. The peak heights in Fig. 8.6B... 

Figure 9. Critical p(T) curves of carbon dioxide (A) + 1-octanol (B) and carbon dioxide (A) - -hexadecane (C), according to Scheidgen [68,69] (see also Fig. 5).

Figure 10. Quasi-bin2ury cube for carbon dioxide (A) + 1-octanol (B) + hexadecane...

Figure 13. Separation factor ace of the quaternary system carbon dioxide (A) + 1-dodecanol (B) + hexadecane (C) + moderator (D) (u (B)/u (C) w 1 in the liquid phase) at 393.2 K as a fimction of the mass fraction of the moderator (carbon dioxide-free basis), according to Spee [34] (a) moderator = 1,8-octanediol (b) moderator = dotriacontane.

Spee, M. (1990) Fluid phase equilibria of the quaternary systems carbon dioxide J- 1-dodecanol - - hexadecane - - 1,8-octanediol and carbon dioxide -j- 1-dodecanol J- hexadecane f dotriacontane and some binary and ternary subsystems between 293 K and 413 K and at pressures up to 100 MPa (in German), Doctoral dissertation. University of Bochum, Germany. 

Matthews, M.A., Rodden, J.B., and Akgerman, A., 1987, High-temperature diffusion of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in liquid n-heptane, n-dodecane and n-hexadecane , J. Chem. Eng. Data 32, 319. 

Pressure changes in SFC have a pronounced effect on the retention factor k and thus the retention time l. The density of a supercritical fluid increases rapidly and nonlinearly with increases in pressure. Such density increases cause a rise in the solvent power of the mobile phase, which in turn shortens elution time. For example, the elution time for hexadecane is reported to decrease from 25 to 5 min as the pressure of carbon dioxide is raised from 70 to 90 atm. An effect similar to that of temperature programming in GC and gradient elution in FfPLC can be achieved by linearly increasing the column pressure or by regulating the pressure to create linear density increases. Figure 29-2 illustrates the improvement in chromatograms realized by pres-... 

Figure 1,9 Typical critical locus curves for Class B systems, (a) General forms for the locus curves for Class B systems. Branch I is very limited in extent in some systems. Branch II behaviour of types a, b, c, d, e (in order of increasing dissimilarity of the components) is known. Cs and Ch are the vapour/liquid critical points for the volatile component and less volatile component. (In the present context there are the solvent and solute.) In many cases of interest Ch will not be accessible due to thermal decomposition, (b) Critical loci for system carbon dioxide/water. (Cw is the critical point of water.) (c) Critical loci for system carbon dioxide//i-hexadecane.

Class B1 systems show closed loop vapour/liquid pressure/composition diagrams in the vapour liquid region at all temperatures between the solvent critical temperature and the critical temperature of the heavy component. The system ethane/methanol shows this behaviour. Carbon dioxide/w-hexadecane is probably also of this type (Figure 1.10 and 1.11). 

Figure 1.10 Pressure/composition diagram for carbon dioxide//i-hexadecane (a Class B1 system) at 26.5°C, showing the very restricted range over which liquid CO2 is partially miscible with the -hexadecane. Vapour/liquid equilibria have not been investigated in detail in the immediate vicinity of the vapour pressure for pure CO2 but probably take the form shown in the inset, the mole fraction of CO2 at the point Q being about 0.98. The three phase pressure (P ") is probably about 2 bar less than the CO2 vapour pressure (P°). Subscripts 1 and 2 denote hexadecane-rich and...

Figure 1.11 Pressure/composition diagram for carbon dioxide/n-hexadecane (a Class B1 system)...

Figure 7.2 Experimental and calculated vapour-liquid equilibria for carbon dioxide with n-hexadecane at 333 K (see Table 7.2 for pure component parameters). Data from references [8]...

Fig. 11 Snapshots (a e)of the configuration of a mixture resulting from simulation of a pressure quenching experiment, see Fig. 12, for the model of hexadecane dissolved in carbon dioxide, cf Fig. 5. In this model, the LJ parameters of both Ci6Fl34 and CO2 are fitted to the respective critical temperatures and densities, while intermolecular interactions were described by (31) with 0.886 [10]. The...

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