Carbon black boron oxides

Modification of the burning rates, pressure exponents, and temp coefficients of burning rate of the fluorocarbon composites has been accomplished with copper, lead, tin, sodium, ammonium and potassium fluoborates sodium, potassium, lithium, lead, copper and calcium fluorides potassium and ammonium dichromate lead and zinc stearate cesium carbonate potassium and ammonium sulfate copper chromite oxides of magnesium, copper and manganese boron zinc dust and carbon black (Ref 75)... 

The susceptor materials used in high-temperature processing include zirconia, boron nitride, graphite, carbon black, sodium-beta alumina, zinc oxide, and silicon carbide. While each of these susceptor materials has relatively high dielectric losses at room temperature, silicon carbide is also refractory with a relatively good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to roughly 1500°C.t ° ... 

When zirconium silicate (ZrSi04) or a mixture of Z1O3 and SiOj is reacted with aluminum in the presence of aluminum oxide and then rdieated, zirconium silicide (ZrSi ) becomes the major product. Titanium dioxide (TiOs) and boron (111) oxide (BgO,) with aluminum similarly form titanium boride (TiBs). If the reduction of the oxides such as TiOg or Si02 with aluminum is performed in the presence of carbon black, the carbides TiC and SiC are formed embedded in aluminum oxide. This subject is also treated in a British patent titled Autothermic Fired Ceramics. ... 

Boron oxide can also be converted to boron carbide by exothermic magnesio-thermic reduction in the presence of carbon black at 1000-1800°C [162],... 

Injection molding of boron carbide with 2-5 mass.-% carbon black was developed by Schwetz et al. [210]. Like in conventional processes known for oxide and nitride ceramics, the spray-dried powder blend was mixed with 18 mass-% organic binder and molded at 120°C and 45 MPa. Dewaxing was accomplished by heating in an atmosphere-controlled furnace at 100 mbar. The binder components decomposed thermally by cracking and evaporated within four days and temperatures up to... 

The boron carbide process can also start from blends of metal carbides, metal hydrides, boron oxide, boron carbide and carbon black ... 

Using nanometric carbon black and pm-sized boron oxide, nanometric boron carbide powder with an average particle size of 20 nm can be produced at temperatures as low as 1300 °C [138]. A nanometric-scale boron carbide powder (20-40 nm) has been produced in a plasma-assisted reaction process using boron oxide and a carbon source, whereby the reactants are vaporized in the plasma, thus leading to a reaction of atomized species [139]. 

Electrical conductivity measurements have been reported on a wide range of polymers including carbon nanofibre reinforced HOPE [52], carbon black filled LDPE-ethylene methyl acrylate composites [28], carbon black filled HDPE [53], carbon black reinforced PP [27], talc filled PP [54], copper particle modified epoxy resins [55], epoxy and epoxy-haematite nanorod composites [56], polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends [57], polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibre/PC composites [58], PC/MnCli composite films [59], titanocene polyester derivatives of terephthalic acid [60], lithium trifluoromethane sulfonamide doped PS-block-polyethylene oxide (PEO) copolymers [61], boron containing PVA derived ceramic organic semiconductors [62], sodium lanthanum tetrafluoride complexed with PEO [63], PC, acrylonitrile butadiene [64], blends of polyethylene dioxythiophene/ polystyrene sulfonate, PVC and PEO [65], EVA copolymer/carbon fibre conductive composites [66], carbon nanofibre modified thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers [67], PPY [68], PPY/PP/montmorillonite composites [69], carbon fibre reinforced PDMS-PPY composites [29], PANI [70], epoxy resin/PANI dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid blends [71], PANI/PA 6,6 composites [72], carbon fibre EVA composites [66], HDPE carbon fibre nanocomposites [52] and PPS [73]. 

Wang J-Y, Kang Y-Y, Yang H, Cai W-B (2009) Boron-doped palladium nanoparticles on carbon black as a superior catalyst for formic acid electro-oxidation. J Phys Chtan C 113 8366-8372... 

Additives used in final products Fillers antimony trioxide, aramid, barium sulfate, boron nitride, calcinated kaolin, carbon black, carbon fiber, glass fiber, glass spheres, mica, montmorillonite, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc borate Antistatics antimony-doped tin oxide, carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, polyisonaphthalene Antiblocking calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, silicone fluid, spherical silicone resin, synthetic silica Release calcium stearate, fluorine compounds, glycerol bistearate, pentaerythritol ester, silane modified silica, zinc stearate Slip spherical silica, silicone oil ... 

Additives used in final products Fillers barium and strontium ferrites, boron carbide, calcinated clays, calcium carbonate, carbon black, carbon-silica dual phase filler, clays, dolomite, fumed silica, iron oxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium carbonate, mica, montmorillonite, nickel zinc ferrite, nylon fibers, pulverized polyurethane foam, quartz, silica carbide, soapstone, talc, zinc oxide Plasticizers naphthenic oil, polybutene, aromatic oil, esters of dicarboxylic acid Plasticizers adipates, aromatic mineral oil, paraffin oil, phosphates, phthalates, polyethylene glycol, processing oil, sebacates Antistatics dIhydrogen phosphate of 8-amlnocaprolc add. Iodine doping Antistatics carbon black, quaternary ammonium salt, zinc oxide whisker Antiblocking diatomaceous earth Release propylene wax Slip erucamide+stearamide ... 

Ma and Bando reported a systemic investigation of the growth of boron carbide nanowires via a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. A template- and catalyst-free carbothennal route of nanowire production has been employed with boron powder, boron oxide, and carbon black, mixed in a 2 1 1 ratio, as the precursor. The component mixture was subjected to 1650°C temperature for 2 h under an argon flow inside a high-frequency induction furnace and resulted in boron carbide nanowires of diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm (Figure 20.17b). 

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