Carbohydrate labeled

P/ACE System MDQ chiral methods development P/ACE System MDQ highly sulfated cyclodextrin trial kit eCAP Amine Capillary Method Development Kit/Small Molecules eCAP Carbohydrate Labeling Kit... 

Competing with PET Carbohydrates Labeled with "mTc Organometallic Complexes... 

Preparation of Labeled Carbohydrate. Labeled cellulosic fibers were prepared by suspending approximately 100 mg of the cotton to be analyzed in 5 mL of 100 mM sodium carbonate that contained 3 mg of DTAF. The DTAF was prepared according to the method of Barskii et al. (15). The suspension was stirred for 18.0 h at room temperature. 

Momenbeik, R, Johns, C., Breadmore, M. C., Hilder, E. R, Macka, M., and Haddad, P. R., Sensitive determination of carbohydrates labelled with -nitroanUine by capillary electrophoresis with photometric detection using a 406 nm light-emitting diode. Electrophoresis, 2H, 4039, 2006. 

In a similar vein, targeted drugs , thanks to carbohydrate labels on vescicle carriers, promises to open a new era of medicinal treatment. In this way, medicaments which might be toxic to the organism as a whole can be directed exclusively to the infected organ. 

Rather than using a covalent reaction to immobilize the small molecule to a surface, a small molecule tagged with a tail having special physical properties could adhere to a surface by physiosorption. This was demonstrated for the preparation of carbohydrate arrays in microtiter plates where carbohydrate labeled at the anomeric position with saturated carbon chains between 13 and 15 carbons were retained on a hydrophobic surface and were resistant to aqueous washing. The viabihty of this immobihzation was demonstrated with the detection of several carbohydrate-lectin interactions [59]. Conversely, it was also shown that such lipophilic tails could be introduced via Huisgen cycloaddition [60]. 

Our reviewer felt the molecule builder was easy to use. It is set up for organic molecules. Specialized building modes are available for peptides, nucleotides, and carbohydrates. It is also possible to impose constraints on the molecular geometry. Functions are accessed via a separate window with buttons labeled with abbreviated names. This layout is convenient to use, but not completely self-explanatory. The program is capable of good-quality rendering. At the time of this book s publication, a new three-dimensional graphic user interface called Maestro was under development. 

Even higher organisms can be used for the production of labeled compounds. Plants, tobacco, or Canna indica for example, when grown in an exclusive atmosphere of radioactive carbon dioxide, [ 002], utilize the labeled precursor as the sole source of carbon for photosynthesis. After a suitable period of growth, almost every carbon atom in the plant is radioactive. Thus, plants can serve as an available source of C-labeled carbohydrates (9). 

Application of NMR spectroscopy to heterocyclic chemistry has developed very rapidly during the past 15 years, and the technique is now used almost as routinely as H NMR spectroscopy. There are four main areas of application of interest to the heterocyclic chemist (i) elucidation of structure, where the method can be particularly valuable for complex natural products such as alkaloids and carbohydrate antibiotics (ii) stereochemical studies, especially conformational analysis of saturated heterocyclic systems (iii) the correlation of various theoretical aspects of structure and electronic distribution with chemical shifts, coupling constants and other NMR derived parameters and (iv) the unravelling of biosynthetic pathways to natural products, where, in contrast to related studies with " C-labelled precursors, stepwise degradation of the secondary metabolite is usually unnecessary. 

Even though acetate units, such as those obtained from fatty acid oxidation, cannot be used for net synthesis of carbohydrate in animals, labeled carbon from " C-labeled acetate can be found in newly synthesized glucose (for example, in liver glycogen) in animal tracer studies. Explain how this can be. Which carbons of glucose would you expect to be the first to be labeled by "Relabeled acetate ... 

Infra-red Spectra of Deuterium-labelled Carbohydrates, S. A. Barker, R. H. Moore, M. Stacey, and D. H. Whiffen, Nature, 186 (1960) 307-308. 

Because sugars are involved in most of the mechanisms established for the synthesis of these heterocycles, the development of carbohydrate chemistry has been most helpful in these researches—especially for the preparation of specifically labeled molecules. Conversely, the contribution of these efforts to carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry has shown the involvement in biosynthesis of 1 -deoxy-D-f/rreo-pentulose—scarcely before recognized and considered a rare sugar—and of fully functionalized pentuloses of still unknown configuration (or their phosphates). Finally, evidence has been found in prokaryotes for a most extraordinary transformation of 5-amino-l-(P-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole 5 -phos-phate into a pyrimidine. Surely, this transformation should be explained in terms... 

Dorman G (2000) Photoaffinity Labeling in Biological Signal Transduction. 211 169-225 Drabowicz J, Mikolajczyk M (2000) Selenium at Higher Oxidation States. 208 143-176 Eder B, see Wrodnigg TM (2001) The Amadori and Heyns Rearrangements Landmarks in the History of Carbohydrate Chemistry or Unrecognized Synthetic Opportunities 215 115-175... 

The results concerning the N-terminal structures of glycophorins A" and A were based on the labels that were placed on the crucial, N-terminal amino group, and they clearly showed that the amino acid residues at position S may play only a minor, if any, role in determining the structure of the MN blood-group determinants. The carbohydrate residues appear... 

The possible role that the lysine residues, N-terminal amino acid residues, and carbohydrate residues may play in the display of the MN blood-group determinants by glycophorins A, A, and has been investigated. Assuming that the N-terminal amino acid in each of these glycoproteins plays a prominent role in the display of the MN blood-group determinant, labels were placed on the N-terminal amino acid residues of the glycoproteins. 

The application of substrates isotopically labeled in specific positions makes it possible to follow the fate of individual atoms during the microbial degradation of xenobiotics. Under optimal conditions, both the kinetics of the degradation, and the formation of metabolites may be followed— ideally when samples of the labeled metabolites are available. Many of the classical studies on the microbial metabolism of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids used radioactive... 

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to formate and acetyl CoA and is a key enzyme in the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in some Enterobacteriaceae. Using an enzyme selectively C-labeled with glycine, it was shown by EPR that the reaction involves production of a free radical at C-2 of glycine (Wagner et al. 1992). This was confirmed by destruction of the radical with O2, and determination of part of the structure of the small protein that contained an oxalyl residue originating from gly-734. 

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