Carbohydrate digestion, effect

When a-glucosidase activity is inhibited, carbohydrate digestion is prolonged and takes place further along the intestinal tract. This in turn delays and spreads the period of glucose absorption, which reduces the extent of the postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations. The effectiveness of a-glucosidase inhibitors is dq en-dent on the consumption of a meal rich in complex carbohydrate. 

KOIKE D, YAMADERA K, DiMAGNO E p (1995) Effect of a wheat amylase inhibitor on canine carbohydrate digestion, gastrointestinal function, and pancreatic growth. Gastroenterology. 108 1221-9. 

Graham, H. (1991) The physical and chemical constitution of foods effects on carbohydrate digestion. In Euller, M.E. (ed.) In vitro Digestion for Pigs and Poultry. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 35-44. 

Effect of a Glucose-Lysine Reaction Mixture on Protein and Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption... 

Karr-Lilienthal et al. (2005) reported differences in proximate and oligosaccharide composition, respectively, in SBM samples collected at 55 U.S. SB processing plants in different maturity zones. Unfortunately, no specific data are available evaluating the effects of SB genetics or the combination of genetics and growth conditions on carbohydrate digestibility. 

Uses in Disease States and Effects on Carbohydrate Digestion in Vitro and Absorption in Vivo... 

The results of many studies (Perin et al, 2000 Schrezenmeir and de Vrese, 2001 Shin et al, 2000 Gmeiner et al, 2000) point to a synergistic effect of probiotic and prebiotic combinations on the faecal microbiota of experimental animals. This effect was demonstrated by increased total anaerobes, aerobes, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts as well as by decreased Clostridia, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts. The combination of probiotics and non-digestible carbohydrates may be a way of stabilisation and/or improvement of the probiotic effect. 

Some reports even indicate that the conjugation of proteins or peptides with carbohydrates can increase dramatically their activity compared to that of the native state (Susaki et al., 1998). Carbohydrates also can provide a protective effect on modified peptides toward proteolytic digestion (Rudd et al., 1994) or mask recognition of a peptide by the immune system (Harding et al., 1993). The creation of neoglycoproteins thus can affect the activity of peptides and proteins, which are not normally glycosylated in vivo. 

Table III. Effect of In Vitro Pancreatic Digestion pH on Carbohydrate and Protein Digestion and Calcium Solubility...

Saline laxatives like MgS04, Mg(OH)2, Mg2 Citrate and Na+ Phosphates act via their osmotic pressure to retain water in the colon. Other osmotic laxatives are carbohydrates such as lactulose, glycerin, sorbitol, and mannitol. They are not absorbed and are resistant to digestion in the small intestine. Most agents are orally administered. It should be noted however that glycerin, sodium phosphates and sorbitol are formulated for rectal use. From lactulose lactic and acetic acids are formed by intestinal bacteria and apart from its osmotic effects it thus acidifies the content of the colon. The reduction of the pH stimulates motility and secretion. 

---