Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometr

Magnuson, M.L., Creed, J.T. and Brocklioff C.A. (1997) Speciation of selenium and arsenic compounds by capillary electrophoresis with hydrodynamically modified electroosmatic flow and on-line reduction of selenium (VI) to selenium (IV) with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. Analyst, 122, 1057-1061. 

S. Mounicou, S. McSheehy, J. Szpunar, M. Potin-Gautier, R. Lobinski, Analysis of selenized yeast for selenium speciation by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection (SEC-CZE-ICP-MS), J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 17 (2002), 15-20. 

Kirlew, P.W., Castillano, M.T.M., Caruso, J.A. Evaluation of ultrasonic nebulizers as interfaces for capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions and cations with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. Spectrochim. Acta Part B 53, 221-237 (1998)... 

Several types of liquid chromatography (LC) and one nonchromatografiiic separation system for liquids have been interfaced with MS. High-performance LC (HPLC) is widely used to separate nonvolatile organic compounds of aU polarities and MWs. Coupled to a mass spectrometer, the technique is called LC-MS. Supercritical fluid chromatogr hy (SFC) and the nonchromatographic separation technique of capillary electrophoresis (CE) are also used with mass spectrometric detection. The interfacing, ionization sources, operation, and plications of these hyphenated methods are covered in Chapters 10 and 13. 

Ackley, K.L., Day, J.A., Caruso, J.A., (2005), Separation of metalloporphyrins by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection, /, Chromatogr. A., 888,293-298. 

Parallel to the development of mass spectrometric instrumentation and methodologies, the improvements of separation techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and of their coupling with MS allowed the study of complex mixtures, that are generally encountered in most studies. 

Electrospray (ESI) is an atmospheric pressure ionization source in which the sample is ionized at an ambient pressure and then transferred into the MS. It was first developed by John Fenn in the late 1980s [1] and rapidly became one of the most widely used ionization techniques in mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and versatility. It is a soft ionization technique for analytes present in solution therefore, it can easily be coupled with separation methods such as LC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The development of ESI has a wide field of applications, from small polar molecules to high molecular weight compounds such as protein and nucleotides. In 2002, the Nobel Prize was awarded to John Fenn following his studies on electrospray, for the development of soft desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. ... 

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