Cape Verde

The genus Papaver consists of 80 species (Mabberley, 1997, p. 525), nearly all of which are Northern Hemisphere in occnrrence. One species occnrs in the Cape Verde Islands and another, the subject of this entry, is found in South Africa and is naturalized in Australia. Papaver aculeatum Thunb. (P gariepinun Burch, ex DC P. horridum DC) occurs widely in South Africa in areas characterized by summer rainfall and... 

Muller C, Iinuma Y, Karstensen J, van Pinxteren D, Lehmann S, Gnauk T, Herrmann H (2009) Seasonal variation of aliphatic amines in marine sub-micrometer particles at the cape verde islands. Atmos Chem Phys 9 9587-9597... 

Similarly, rising levels of seizures in Africa reflect the fact that this continent, notably countries along the Gulf of Guinea and off the coast of Cape Verde, is increasingly... 

Nigeria. In addition, large quantities of cocaine are shipped to the waters around Cape Verde and off the coasts of Guinea and Guinea Bissau, most of which is destined for Spain and Portugal... 

The largest African cocaine seizures in 2005 were reported by Morocco (0.8 mt), followed by Ghana (0.7 mt), Nigeria (0.4 mt), South Africa (0.3 mt) and Cape Verde (0.2 mt). One cocaine laboratory was dismantled in South Africa in 2005. Out of 40 African countries reporting seizure statistics in 2005, 31 countries (78 per cent) reported seizures of cocaine, an increase from 34 per cent in 1990. 

Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Philippines, the Ryuku and Bonin islands and south of Japan. There is also a string of precious red and pink coral beds northwest of Hawaii and off the Cape Verde islands in the Atlantic Ocean off west Africa. A submersible vessel, the Star II, operated by Maui Divers of Hawaii, Ltd., is used io harvest pink coral (CoraUium secundum) from the Makapuu bed. State regulations permit the collection of only 4400 pounds (1996 kilograms) within a 2-year period. 

Figure 17 Nb/Th, Nb/U, and Nb/La ratios versus Nb concentrations of global MORE and (non-EM-2-type) OIBs (Hawaiian Isl., Iceland, Australs, Pitcairn, St. Helena, Cnary, Bouvet, Gough Tristan, Ascension, Madeira, Fernando de Noronha, Cameroon Line Isl., Comores, Cape Verdes, Azores, Galapagos, Easter, Juan Fernandez, San Felix). The diagram shows a systematic increase of Nb/Th, approximately constant Nb/U, and systematic decrease of La/Nb as Nb concentrations increase over three orders of magnitude.

Courtney R. and White R. (1986) Anomalous heat flow and geoid across the Cape Verde Rise evidence for dynamic support from a thermal plume in the mantle. Geophys, J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 87, 815 - 867. 

Figure 8 Summary of the ratio of CaCOs dissolved and organic material oxidized for bottom chamber deployments in the northeastern Pacific, Ontong-Java Plateau, Ceara Rise, Cape Verde Plateau, northwestern Atlantic continental rise and California borderland basins (R. A. Jahnke and D. B. Jahnke, 2002). The absence of measurable alkalinity fluxes from high-CaCOs sites bathed in supersaturated bottom water appears to be inconsistent with observations...

Cape Verde Plateau (18° 27.8 N, 21° 01.5 W), where the oxic layer in the sediments was 6 cm thick. We used a fit to pore-water O2 versus depth data to determine parameters describing O2 consumption. We then multiplied these parameters by the NO J production (O2 consumption ratios from (i) the RKR model and (ii) the A S measurements) and used the result to fit pore-water NO data. The A S ratio yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the RKR model (Figure 3). In addition, the application of the model to the data showed that, in this case, with the oxic decompostion/ denitrification boundary at 6 cm below the sediment-water interface, a plot of pore-water O2 versus NOJ concentrations departed from linearity at 1.6 cm below the interface it would be incorrect to derive the O2 NO ratio for oxic decomposition from a linear fit to these data. 

Figure 3 Pore-water data and modeling results from 3,100 m on the Cape Verde Plateau (CVP) at 18° 27.8 N, 21° 01.5 W. (a) Shows pore-water NO3 data, with two model fits for which the oxic portion of the profile is described using parameters based on the fit to pore-water O2 profile in (b). In one case (dashed line), the O2 parameters are modified using RKR stoichiometry in the second (solid line) they are adjusted using Anderson and Sarmiento (1994) stoichiometry, (c) Compares the same model fits to a plot of the pore-water O2 versus NO3 concentrations.

Jo and j2 have units of pmol cmp yr while ji and j3 are expressed in 1/cmsed- For O2, P(x) has the same form and, in principle, jo and j 2 for O2 are related to the similar quantities for NO through the stoichiometric relationship described above. Martin and Sayles (2003) applied this equation to a set of 60 pore-water O2 and NO profiles, obtained by in situ and shipboard sampling methods, from three regions in the equatorial Atlantic (Ceara Rise, Cape Verde Plateau, and Sierra Leone Rise Martin and Sayles, 1996 Hales and Emerson, 1996 Sayles and Martin, unpublished data), the central equatorial Pacific (6°S-10°N, 130° W Martinet of., 1991), and the AESOPS transect in the Southern Ocean (66° S, 170° W to 56° S, 170° W Sayles et al, 2001). The sites considered span water column depths from 3,100 m to 5,200 m and total sedimentary organic carbon oxidation rates of 3-50 pmol cm yr Examples of the fits of the model above to pore-water profiles, used to define values for jo, jj, jj, and j3, were shown in Figures 3 and 4. 

Table 6 CaCOs dissolution rates at sites above the calcite saturation horizon (i) in situ microelectrode profiling (NW Atlantic and Ceara Rise) and (ii) in situ whole-core squeezer (Ceara Rise and Cape Verde Plateau).

Cape Verde Plateau (Sayles and Martin, unpublished data) ... 

Figure 7 Results from in situ whole-core squeezing at a site on the Cape Verde Plateau at 18° 27.8 N, 21° 01.5 W (Sayles and Martin). Solid lines are fits of an organic matter oxidation/calcite dissolution model to the data (Martin and Sayles, 1996). Fluxes calculated from the model fits are shown in Table 6. The pore-water O2 data are from samples collected by shipboard whole-core squeezing. The TcOj and alkalinity data were collected by in situ whole-core squeezing (circles) and in situ harpoon sampling (squares).

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